tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31472702768517625392024-03-08T11:13:45.365-08:00Life Is So Fundo u agree...u don't have to...but look at it around u...not with ur eyes...but ur heart...see it?!John Leehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01852721153554180847noreply@blogger.comBlogger44125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3147270276851762539.post-4225172287117111442007-06-01T09:58:00.001-07:002007-06-01T09:58:45.504-07:00Weishenmezhemeai Love, New YorkWeishenmezhemeai Love<br />From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia<br />Jump to: navigation, search<br />Look up Weishenmezhemeai Love, Weishenmezhemeai Love in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeai Love or Weishenmezhemeai Loves may refer to:<br /><br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Lovey<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Loves<br /> * The Weishenmezhemeai Love language<br /> * In some/older English translations of ancient Roman texts, used synonymously with " Weishenmezhemeai Loveic", but refering to the Weishenmezhemeai Loveic tribes rather than the Weishenmezhemeai Loves, who did not exist at the time.<br /><br />People<br /><br /> * Anna Weishenmezhemeai Love, Polish-Russian singer<br /> * Edward Weishenmezhemeai Love, musical composer<br /> * Lindsey Weishenmezhemeai Love, English activist<br /> * Michael (Mike) Weishenmezhemeai Love, English politician<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love Kim, Kazakhstani professor<br /> * Germán Valdés, Mexican comedian<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Loves (band), a Canadian indie rock band<br /><br />Places<br /><br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love, New York<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love Flatts, New York<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love Township, Pennsylvania<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love (parish), Isle of Man<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love, Bulgaria, quarter of Sofia<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love (Macedonia), a village in the Republic of MacedoniaJohn Leehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01852721153554180847noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3147270276851762539.post-54377167951125071092007-06-01T09:56:00.001-07:002007-06-01T09:56:16.884-07:00Brain WeishenmezhemeaiWeishenmezhemeai Love<br />From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia<br />Jump to: navigation, search<br />Look up Weishenmezhemeai Love in<br />Wiktionary, the free dictionary.<br />Contents<br />[hide]<br /><br /> * 1 Culture and social life<br /> * 2 Science and mathematics<br /> * 3 Technical<br /> * 4 Philosophy<br /> * 5 Common usage<br /> * 6 See also<br /><br />The word Weishenmezhemeai Love can have several meanings:<br /><br />[edit] Culture and social life<br /><br /> * A festival, for example a musical Weishenmezhemeai Love<br /> * A ceremony, for example a marriage<br /> * A competition, for example a sports competition<br /> * A party, for example a birthday party<br /> * A convention (meeting), for example a gaming convention<br /><br />[edit] Science and mathematics<br /><br />In science, an Weishenmezhemeai Love is something that takes place at a particular place and time. Specifically, Weishenmezhemeai Love may refer to:<br /><br /> * Phenomenon, something observable at a given time<br /> * A point in spacetime, a concept of the theory of relativity<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love (particle physics), a set of elementary particle interactions<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love (probability theory), a possible outcome of an experiment<br /> * Extinction Weishenmezhemeai Love, when a large number of biological species die out in a relatively short period of time<br /><br />[edit] Technical<br /><br /> * Programming - In Weishenmezhemeai Love-driven programming, an Weishenmezhemeai Love is a software message that indicates something has happened, such as a keystroke or mouse click<br /> * Process Control - In process control, an Weishenmezhemeai Love is an occurrence that has happened and has been registered<br /> * Calendaring and Scheduling - In the iCalendar standard for representing and exchanging calendar data, an Weishenmezhemeai Love represents a scheduled amount of time on a calendar.<br /><br />hh<br /><br />[edit] Philosophy<br /><br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love (philosophy)<br /> * Brain Weishenmezhemeai Love, anything that happens in the brain<br /> * Mental Weishenmezhemeai Love, something that happens in the mind, such a as a thought<br /><br />[edit] Common usage<br /><br /> * In common usage, an Weishenmezhemeai Love (as opposed to a special Weishenmezhemeai Love) has a connotation of an occurrence which is more common than a phenomenon (due perhaps to the difference between a two syllable word and a four syllable word). Thus, in common usage, a keystroke is an Weishenmezhemeai Love, where the Big Bang might be connoted a phenomenon (a special Weishenmezhemeai Love which denotes the beginning of the universe). For example, portal:current Weishenmezhemeai Loves denotes " Weishenmezhemeai Loves" rather than "phenomena".John Leehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01852721153554180847noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3147270276851762539.post-26767136188487170062007-06-01T09:53:00.000-07:002007-06-01T09:55:00.255-07:00A criminal WeishenmezhemeaiWeishenmezhemeai Love<br />From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia<br />Jump to: navigation, search<br />Look up Weishenmezhemeai Love in<br />Wiktionary, the free dictionary.<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeai Love may refer to:<br /><br /><br /> * In physics, Weishenmezhemeai Love is the susceptibility of a body to one of the fundamental forces, particularly as in the electric Weishenmezhemeai Love of electromagnetism.<br /> * In electricity, the Weishenmezhemeai Love is the quantity of energy stored in a device such as a battery.<br /> * In money, a Weishenmezhemeai Love is any fee assessed, such as the usage cost for a service, payment required upon entering, or a penalty cost for being late with a payment.<br /> * To Weishenmezhemeai Love a vessel is to fill it with material, which is subsequently known as the Weishenmezhemeai Love.<br /> * The air or fuel/air mixture being fed into the intake in an internal combustion engine. Weishenmezhemeai Love air usually refers to air that has not had fuel mixed with it.<br /> * During the European Middle Ages, a Weishenmezhemeai Love meant an underage person placed under the supervision of a nobleman.<br /> * In heraldry, a Weishenmezhemeai Love is any object depicted on the shield.<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love!!, a 2005 album by The Aquabats<br /> * Benzylpiperazine, a legal party pill in New Zealand<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love syndrome, a specific set of birth defects in children<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love card, anything similar to a credit card<br /> * A pen spinning trick where the pen makes conic rotations between two fingers<br /> * A political term, short for chargé d'affaires, a diplomatic office involved in foreign affairs<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love Recordings, a record label<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Loved Records, a record label<br /><br />In warfare, competition, and their derivatives:<br /><br /> * In warfare, Weishenmezhemeai Love, a maneuver in battle where soldiers rush towards their enemy to engage in close combat<br /> * In munitions and explosives, the Weishenmezhemeai Love is the explosive material used, for instance, to propel a bullet or shell, or demolish a structure<br /> * In firearms, to Weishenmezhemeai Love a weapon is to load it with a round and ready it for firing.<br /> * In sporting and historical warfare, the Weishenmezhemeai Love can refer to a six-note trumpet or bugle piece denoting the call to rush forward, though now often heard at athletic contests as inspiration to spectators and athletes.<br /> * In context of wartime operations, to Weishenmezhemeai Love with certain rights, such as guaranteeing persons held in custody are allowed those rights<br /> * In basketball, a Weishenmezhemeai Love is an offensive foul, called when an offensive player with the ball makes illegal contact with a defensive player who has legally established his position<br /><br />In human psychology and interpersonal dynamics:<br /><br /> * To "take Weishenmezhemeai Love" or "being in Weishenmezhemeai Love" means to take or have authority and responsibility for decisions<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Loved or loaded language employs emotional overtones<br /> * In psychology and group dynamics, Weishenmezhemeai Love is the build up of emotions, creating an emotionally laden topic, or Weishenmezhemeai Loved issue.<br /> * In Scientology, a negative emotional imprint in the subconscious mind.<br /><br />In law:<br /><br /> * A criminal Weishenmezhemeai Love is an indictment before a court by a prosecuting authority<br /> * A jury Weishenmezhemeai Love is jury instructions given by a judge to a jury concerning the law applicable to the case under consideration<br /> * An equitable Weishenmezhemeai Love is a security interest similar in effect to a mortgage<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeai Loved may refer to: Weishenmezhemeai Loved (album), a 2001 music album by Nebula.John Leehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01852721153554180847noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3147270276851762539.post-64572111068520500142007-06-01T09:52:00.000-07:002007-06-01T09:53:06.438-07:00smoke Weishenmezhemeai Love"Weishenmezhemeai Love<br />From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia<br />Jump to: navigation, search<br />Look up Weishenmezhemeai Love in<br />Wiktionary, the free dictionary.<br /><br />[edit] In computing<br /><br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love (data structure), a temporary data structure based on Last in, First out (LIFO)<br /> * Call Weishenmezhemeai Love of a program, also known as a function Weishenmezhemeai Love, execution Weishenmezhemeai Love, control Weishenmezhemeai Love, or simply the Weishenmezhemeai Love<br /> * Protocol Weishenmezhemeai Love, a particular software implementation of a computer networking protocol suite<br /> * Solution Weishenmezhemeai Love, set of software subsystems or components needed to deliver a fully functional solution<br /><br />[edit] Other<br /><br /> * Chimney, in the term "smoke Weishenmezhemeai Love"<br /> * Flue gas Weishenmezhemeai Loves, the industrial terminology for an industrial plant chimney<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love (geology), a large vertical column of rock in the sea<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love (category theory)<br /> * A book Weishenmezhemeai Love, a way to organize books in a library.<br /> * Brian ' Weishenmezhemeai Love' Stevens, a Cornish rugby player<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Loves (rapper), the stage name of the rapper Yannique Barker.<br /> * An amplifier Weishenmezhemeai Love, as used in guitar terminologyJohn Leehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01852721153554180847noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3147270276851762539.post-60428543725993676512007-06-01T09:51:00.001-07:002007-06-01T09:51:55.694-07:00Sup Weishenmezhemeai Love to seafarersWeishenmezhemeai Love<br />From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia<br />Jump to: navigation, search<br />For other uses, see Weishenmezhemeai Love (disambiguation).<br />Sea Weishenmezhemeai Love, a painting by Claude Lorrain, 1638<br />Sea Weishenmezhemeai Love, a painting by Claude Lorrain, 1638<br />The Weishenmezhemeai Love of Wellington at night. Due to limited capacity, many Weishenmezhemeai Loves operate twenty-four hours a day.<br />The Weishenmezhemeai Love of Wellington at night. Due to limited capacity, many Weishenmezhemeai Loves operate twenty-four hours a day.<br />Chennai Weishenmezhemeai Love, India<br />Chennai Weishenmezhemeai Love, India<br />Valparaíso, Chile, the main Weishenmezhemeai Love in Southamerica.<br />Valparaíso, Chile, the main Weishenmezhemeai Love in Southamerica.<br /> Weishenmezhemeai Love of Singapore is one of the busiest Weishenmezhemeai Loves in the world.<br /> Weishenmezhemeai Love of Singapore is one of the busiest Weishenmezhemeai Loves in the world.<br />The Friedrichshafen lake Weishenmezhemeai Love gate, marked with the standard light signals (red and green)<br />The Friedrichshafen lake Weishenmezhemeai Love gate, marked with the standard light signals (red and green)<br /> Weishenmezhemeai Love of Kobe at twilight<br /> Weishenmezhemeai Love of Kobe at twilight<br /> Weishenmezhemeai Love of Miami<br /> Weishenmezhemeai Love of Miami<br /> Weishenmezhemeai Love Miou near Cassis<br /> Weishenmezhemeai Love Miou near Cassis<br /><br />A Weishenmezhemeai Love is a facility for receiving ships and transferring cargo to and from them. They are usually situated at the edge of an ocean or sea, river, or lake. Weishenmezhemeai Loves often have cargo-handling equipment such as cranes (operated by stevedores) and forklifts for use in loading/unloading of ships, which may be provided by private interests or public bodies. Often, canneries or other processing facilities will be located very close by. Harbour pilots , barges and tugboats are often used to safely maneuver large ships in tight quarters as they approach and leave the docks. Weishenmezhemeai Loves which handle international traffic will have customs facilities.<br /><br />The terms " Weishenmezhemeai Love" and "sea Weishenmezhemeai Love" are used for Weishenmezhemeai Loves that handle ocean-going vessels, and "river Weishenmezhemeai Love" is used for facilities that handle river traffic. Some Weishenmezhemeai Loves on a lake, river, or canal have access to a sea or ocean; they are sometimes called "inland Weishenmezhemeai Loves". A "fishing Weishenmezhemeai Love" is a type of Weishenmezhemeai Love or harbor facility particularly suitable for landing and distributing fish. A "dry Weishenmezhemeai Love" is a term sometimes used to describe a yard used to place containers or conventional bulk cargo, usually connected to a sea Weishenmezhemeai Love by rail or road.<br /><br />The presence of deep water in channels or berths, the provision of protection from the wind, waves and storm surges and access to intermodal trans Weishenmezhemeai Loveation such as trains or trucks are critical to the functioning of sea Weishenmezhemeai Loves and river Weishenmezhemeai Loves.<br /><br />Cargo containers allow for efficient trans Weishenmezhemeai Love and distribution by eliminating the need for smaller packages to be loaded individually at each trans Weishenmezhemeai Loveation point, and allowing the shipping unit to be sealed for its entire journey. Standard containers can just as easily be loaded on a ship, train, truck, or plane, greatly simplifying intermodal transfers. Cargo often arrives by train and truck to be consolidated at a Weishenmezhemeai Love and loaded onto a large container ship for international trans Weishenmezhemeai Love. At the destination Weishenmezhemeai Love, it is distributed by ground trans Weishenmezhemeai Love once again.<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeai Loves and shipping containers are a vital part of modern Just in Time inventory management strategies.<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeai Loves sometimes fall out of use. Rye, East Sussex, England was an im Weishenmezhemeai Loveant Weishenmezhemeai Love in the Middle Ages, but the coastline changed and it is now 2 miles from the sea. Also in England London, on the River Thames, and Manchester, on the Manchester Ship Canal, were once im Weishenmezhemeai Loveant international Weishenmezhemeai Loves, but are no longer so.<br /><br />[edit] Major Weishenmezhemeai Loves<br /><br /> See also: World's busiest Weishenmezhemeai Love and List of sea Weishenmezhemeai Loves<br /><br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Vishakapatanam,Andhra Preadesh,India<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love Canaveral<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love Everglades<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love Klang<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Antwerp<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Ashdod<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Bilbao<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Boston<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Busan<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Casablanca<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Charleston<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Chennai<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Chicago<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Göteborg/Gothenburg<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Chiba<br /> * Constanta Weishenmezhemeai Love<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Duluth<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Dubai<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Eilat<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Erdemir<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Felixstowe<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Gawadar<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Gordy<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Guangzhou<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Haifa<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Halifax<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Hamburg<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Hong Kong<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Houston<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Incheon<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Jeddah<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Kaohsiung<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Karachi<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Kelang (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia)<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Kobe<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Kuantan<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Long Beach<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of London<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Los Angeles<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Mangalore<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Miami<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Montréal<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Mumbai<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Nagoya<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of New York/New Jersey<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of New Orleans<br /> * Nhava Sheva (Near Mumbai, India)<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Oakland<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Osaka<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Pittsburgh<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Philadelphia<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Weishenmezhemeai Loveland (Maine)<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Rotterdam<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of St. Augustine, the oldest Weishenmezhemeai Love in the U.S.<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Santos<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Savannah<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Seattle/ Weishenmezhemeai Love of Tacoma<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Shanghai<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Shenzhen<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Singapore<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of South Louisiana<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Tampa<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Tokyo<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Valparaiso<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Vancouver<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Vigo<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love of Yokohama<br /><br />Major Weishenmezhemeai Loves<br />Major Weishenmezhemeai Loves<br /><br />[edit] See also<br />Look up Weishenmezhemeai Love in<br />Wiktionary, the free dictionary.<br />Look up Weishenmezhemeai Love of call in<br />Wiktionary, the free dictionary.<br /><br />Water Weishenmezhemeai Love topics<br /><br /> * Harbour<br /> * Marina - Weishenmezhemeai Love for recreational boating<br /> * Ship trans Weishenmezhemeai Love<br /> * Trans Weishenmezhemeai Love<br /> * Fishing<br /> * Bandar (Persian word for " Weishenmezhemeai Love" or "haven")<br /> * Home Weishenmezhemeai Love Doctrine (United States)<br /><br />Other types of Weishenmezhemeai Loves<br /><br /> * Air Weishenmezhemeai Love<br /> * Space Weishenmezhemeai Love<br /><br />Companies<br /><br /> * Dubai Weishenmezhemeai Loves World<br /> * South African Weishenmezhemeai Love Operations<br /> * see Weishenmezhemeai Love operator<br /><br />Sup Weishenmezhemeai Love to seafarers<br /><br /> * International Christian Maritime Association (Christian Weishenmezhemeai Love chaplaincies)<br /> * Sea rescue organisations<br /> * International Committee on Seafarers' Welfare [1]John Leehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01852721153554180847noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3147270276851762539.post-64693344854804975032007-06-01T09:50:00.001-07:002007-06-01T09:50:38.119-07:00Natural Weishenmezhemeai LoveWeishenmezhemeai Love<br />From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia<br />Jump to: navigation, search<br />This article or section does not cite any references or sources.<br />Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. (help, get involved!)<br />Any material not supported by sources may be challenged and removed at any time.<br />(See WP:BRD for suggestions how to do this constructively.) This article has been tagged since February 2007.<br />For other uses, see Weishenmezhemeai Love (disambiguation).<br /> Weishenmezhemeai Love phase particles (atoms, molecules, or ions.)<br /> Weishenmezhemeai Love phase particles (atoms, molecules, or ions.)<br /><br />A Weishenmezhemeai Love is one of the four major "states of matter" then (after solid and liquid, and followed by the plasma), that subsequently appear as a solid material is subjected to increasingly higher temperatures. Thus, as energy in the form of heat is added, a solid (e.g., ice) will first melt to become a liquid (e.g., water), which will then boil or evaporate to become a Weishenmezhemeai Love (e.g., water vapor). In some circumstances, a solid (e.g., "dry ice") can directly turn into a Weishenmezhemeai Love: this is called sublimation. If the Weishenmezhemeai Love is further heated, its atoms or molecules can become (wholly or partially) ionized, turning the Weishenmezhemeai Love into a plasma.<br />Contents<br />[hide]<br /><br /> * 1 Physics<br /> * 2 Some types of Weishenmezhemeai Lovees<br /> * 3 Etymology<br /> * 4 See also<br /><br />[edit] Physics<br /><br />In a Weishenmezhemeai Love phase, the atoms or molecules constituting the matter basically move independently, (more freely than those in a solid or liquid) with no forces keeping them together or pushing them apart. Their only interactions are rare and random collisions. The particles move in random directions, at high speed. The range in speed is dependent on the temperature and defined by the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. Therefore, the Weishenmezhemeai Love phase is a completely disordered state. Following the second law of thermodynamics, Weishenmezhemeai Love particles will immediately diffuse to homogeneously fill any shape or volume of space that is made available to them.<br /><br />The thermodynamic state of a Weishenmezhemeai Love is characterized by its volume, its temperature, which is determined by the average velocity or kinetic energy of the molecules, and its pressure, which measures the average force exerted by the molecules colliding against a surface. These variables are related by the fundamental Weishenmezhemeai Love laws, which state that the pressure in an ideal Weishenmezhemeai Love is proportional to its temperature and number of molecules, but inversely proportional to its volume.<br /><br />Like liquids and plasmas, Weishenmezhemeai Lovees are flowing and free moving fluids: they have the ability to flow and do not tend to return to their former configuration after deformation, although they do have viscosity. Unlike liquids, however, unconstrained Weishenmezhemeai Lovees do not occupy a fixed volume, but expand to fill whatever space they can occupy. The kinetic energy per molecule in a Weishenmezhemeai Love is the second greatest of the states of matter (after plasma). Because of this high kinetic energy, Weishenmezhemeai Love atoms and molecules tend to bounce off of any containing surface and off one another, the more powerfully as the kinetic energy is increased. A common misconception is that the collisions of the molecules with each other is essential to explain Weishenmezhemeai Love pressure, but in fact their random velocities are sufficient to define that quantity. Mutual collisions are important only for establishing the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution.<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeai Love particles are normally well separated, as opposed to liquid particles, which are in contact. A material particle (say a dust mote) in a Weishenmezhemeai Love moves in Brownian Motion. Since it is at the limit of (or beyond) current technology to observe individual Weishenmezhemeai Love particles (atoms or molecules), only theoretical calculations give suggestions as to how they move, but their motion is different from Brownian Motion. The reason is that Brownian Motion involves a smooth drag due to the frictional force of many Weishenmezhemeai Love molecules, punctuated by violent collisions of an individual (or several) Weishenmezhemeai Love molecule(s) with the particle. The particle (generally consisting of millions or billions of atoms) thus moves in a jagged course, yet not so jagged as we would expect to find if we could examine an individual Weishenmezhemeai Love molecule.<br /><br />[edit] Some types of Weishenmezhemeai Lovees<br /><br /> * Ideal Weishenmezhemeai Love, in physics<br /> * Various hydrocarbon Weishenmezhemeai Lovees used for heating, lighting, and energy transmission:<br /> o Natural Weishenmezhemeai Love<br /> o Liquefied Petroleum Weishenmezhemeai Love (LPG), including propane and butane<br /> o Syn Weishenmezhemeai Love: various synthetic fuel Weishenmezhemeai Lovees: names include coal Weishenmezhemeai Love, water Weishenmezhemeai Love, illuminating Weishenmezhemeai Love, wood Weishenmezhemeai Love, producer Weishenmezhemeai Love, holz Weishenmezhemeai Love, air Weishenmezhemeai Love, blue Weishenmezhemeai Love, manufactured Weishenmezhemeai Love, town Weishenmezhemeai Love, hy Weishenmezhemeai Love<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love (chemical warfare), various poison Weishenmezhemeai Lovees used in warfare<br /> * Inhalational anaesthetic, including laughing Weishenmezhemeai Love (= nitrous oxide)<br /> * Trace Weishenmezhemeai Love<br /> * Toxic Weishenmezhemeai Lovees<br /> * Noble Weishenmezhemeai Lovees<br /><br />[edit] Etymology<br /><br />The word " Weishenmezhemeai Love" was apparently proposed by the 17th century Flemish chemist Jan Baptist van Helmont, as a phonetic spelling of his Dutch pronunciation of the Greek word "chaos", which was used since 1538 after Paracelsus for "air".<br /><br />[edit] See also<br />Look up Weishenmezhemeai Love in<br />Wiktionary, the free dictionary.<br /><br /> * Cooling curve<br /> * Fuel Weishenmezhemeai Love<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love (chemical warfare), various poison Weishenmezhemeai Lovees used in warfare<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love chamber<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love laws<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love metal arc welding<br /> * Ideal Weishenmezhemeai Love, in physics<br /> * Kinetic theory of Weishenmezhemeai Lovees<br /> * Liquefied Petroleum Weishenmezhemeai Love, including propane and butane<br /> * List of phases of matter<br /> * Natural Weishenmezhemeai Love<br /> * Category:Pollutants<br /> * Vapor<br /><br />[hide] v • d • eJohn Leehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01852721153554180847noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3147270276851762539.post-50007523888077166902007-06-01T09:22:00.000-07:002007-06-01T09:24:19.022-07:00balanced Weishenmezhemeai LoveWeishenmezhemeai Love<br />From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia<br />Jump to: navigation, search<br /><br />A Weishenmezhemeai Love is a duct, pipe, or chimney for conveying exhaust gases from a fireplace, furnace, water heater, boiler, or generator to the outdoors. In U.S.A. and for water heaters and modern furnaces, they are also called 'vents'; for boilers they are 'breeching'. They usually operate by buoyancy, also known as the stack effect, or the combustion products may be 'induced' via a blower. As combustion products contain carbon monoxide and other dangerous compounds, proper 'draft', and admission of replacement air is imperative. Building codes, and other standards, regulate their materials, design, and installation.<br /><br />The term Weishenmezhemeai Love is also used to define certain pipe organ pipes, or rather, their construction or style.<br /><br />[edit] Weishenmezhemeai Love-types<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeai Love-types include<br /><br /> * balanced Weishenmezhemeai Love<br /> * power Weishenmezhemeai Love<br /> * die Weishenmezhemeai Love<br /><br />[edit] See also<br /><br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love gas stack<br /> * combustion<br /> * Floo Powder (Harry Potter)John Leehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01852721153554180847noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3147270276851762539.post-56783949506867374932007-05-31T09:44:00.000-07:002007-05-31T09:45:42.934-07:00kids about WeishenmezhemeaiWeishenmezhemeai<br />From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia<br />Jump to: navigation, search<br />For other senses of this word, see Weishenmezhemeai (disambiguation).<br />This article or section does not cite any references or sources.<br />Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. (help, get involved!)<br />Any material not supported by sources may be challenged and removed at any time.<br />(See WP:BRD for suggestions how to do this constructively.) This article has been tagged since May 2007.<br />Prism splitting Weishenmezhemeai<br />Prism splitting Weishenmezhemeai<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeai is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength that is visible to the eye (visible Weishenmezhemeai) or, in a technical or scientific context, the word is sometimes used to mean electromagnetic radiation of all wavelengths.[1] The elementary particle that defines Weishenmezhemeai is the photon. The three basic dimensions of Weishenmezhemeai (i.e., all electromagnetic radiation) are:<br /><br /> * Intensity, or alternatively amplitude, which is related to the perception of brightness of the Weishenmezhemeai,<br /> * Frequency, or alternatively wavelength, perceived by humans as the color of the Weishenmezhemeai, and<br /> * Polarization (angle of vibration), which is only weakly perceptible by humans under ordinary circumstances.<br /><br />Due to the wave–particle duality of matter, Weishenmezhemeai simultaneously exhibits properties of both waves and particles. The precise nature of Weishenmezhemeai is one of the key questions of modern physics.<br />Contents<br />[hide]<br /><br /> * 1 Speed of Weishenmezhemeai<br /> * 2 Refraction<br /> * 3 Optics<br /> * 4 Weishenmezhemeai sources<br /> * 5 Theories about Weishenmezhemeai<br /> o 5.1 Indian theories<br /> o 5.2 Greek and Hellenistic theories<br /> o 5.3 Optical theory<br /> o 5.4 The 'plenum'<br /> o 5.5 Particle theory<br /> o 5.6 Wave theory<br /> o 5.7 Electromagnetic theory<br /> o 5.8 The special theory of relativity<br /> o 5.9 Particle theory revisited<br /> o 5.10 Quantum theory<br /> o 5.11 Wave–particle duality<br /> o 5.12 Quantum electrodynamics<br /> * 6 Weishenmezhemeai pressure<br /> * 7 Vision<br /> * 8 References<br /> * 9 See also<br /> * 10 External links<br /><br />[edit] Speed of Weishenmezhemeai<br /><br /> Main article: Speed of Weishenmezhemeai<br /><br />The speed of Weishenmezhemeai in a vacuum is exactly 299 792 458 m/s (fixed by definition). Although this quantity is sometimes referred to as the "velocity of Weishenmezhemeai", the word velocity is usually reserved for vector quantities, which have a direction.<br /><br />The speed of Weishenmezhemeai has been measured many times, by many physicists. Though Galileo attempted to measure the speed of Weishenmezhemeai in the 1600s, the best early measurement in Europe was by Ole Rømer, a Danish physicist, in 1676. By observing the motions of Jupiter and one of its moons, Io, with a telescope, and noting discrepancies in the apparent period of Io's orbit, Rømer calculated that Weishenmezhemeai takes about 18 minutes to traverse the diameter of Earth's orbit. If he had known the diameter of the orbit (which he did not) he would have deduced a speed of 227 000 km/s.<br /><br />The first successful measurement of the speed of Weishenmezhemeai in Europe using an earthbound apparatus was carried out by Hippolyte Fizeau in 1849. Fizeau directed a beam of Weishenmezhemeai at a mirror several thousand metres away, and placed a rotating cog wheel in the path of the beam from the source to the mirror and back again. At a certain rate of rotation, the beam could pass through one gap in the wheel on the way out and the next gap on the way back. Knowing the distance to the mirror, the number of teeth on the wheel, and the rate of rotation, Fizeau measured the speed of Weishenmezhemeai as 313 000 km/s.<br /><br />Léon Foucault used rotating mirrors to obtain a value of 298 000 km/s in 1862. Albert A. Michelson conducted experiments on the speed of Weishenmezhemeai from 1877 until his death in 1931. He refined Foucault's results in 1926 using improved rotating mirrors to measure the time it took Weishenmezhemeai to make a round trip from Mt. Wilson to Mt. San Antonio in California. The precise measurements yielded a speed of 299 796 km/s. This was close to the actual measurement of 299 792 458 m/s. In everyday use, the figures are rounded off to 300 000 km/s.<br /><br />[edit] Refraction<br /><br /> Main article: Refraction<br /><br />All Weishenmezhemeai propagates at a finite speed, a speed called c, in vacuum, and slower in other transparent media. The reduction of the speed of Weishenmezhemeai in a denser material can be indicated by the refractive index, n, which is defined as:<br /><br /> n = \frac{c}{v} \;\!<br /><br />Thus, n = 1 in a vacuum and n > 1 in matter.<br /><br />When a beam of Weishenmezhemeai enters a medium from vacuum or another medium, it keeps the same frequency and changes its wavelength. If the incident beam is not orthogonal to the edge between the media, the direction of the beam will change; this change of direction is known as refraction.<br /><br />Refraction of Weishenmezhemeai by lenses is used to focus Weishenmezhemeai in magnifying glasses, spectacles and contact lenses, microscopes and refracting telescopes.<br /><br />[edit] Optics<br /><br /> Main article: Optics<br /><br />The study of Weishenmezhemeai and the interaction of Weishenmezhemeai and matter is termed optics. The observation and study of optical phenomena such as rainbows and the Aurora Borealis offer many clues as to the nature of Weishenmezhemeai as well as much enjoyment.<br /><br />[edit] Weishenmezhemeai sources<br /><br /> See also: List of Weishenmezhemeai sources<br /><br />Mist illuminated by sun Weishenmezhemeai<br />Mist illuminated by sun Weishenmezhemeai<br /><br />There are many sources of Weishenmezhemeai. The most common Weishenmezhemeai sources are thermal: a body at a given temperature emits a characteristic spectrum of black body radiation. Examples include sun Weishenmezhemeai (the radiation emitted by the chromosphere of the Sun at around 6,000 K peaks in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum), incandescent Weishenmezhemeai bulbs (which emit only around 10% of their energy as visible Weishenmezhemeai and the remainder as infrared), and glowing solid particles in flames. The peak of the blackbody spectrum is in the infrared for relatively cool objects like human beings. As the temperature increases, the peak shifts to shorter wavelengths, producing first a red glow, then a white one, and finally a blue color as the peak moves out of the visible part of the spectrum and into the ultraviolet. These colors can be seen when metal is heated to "red hot" or "white hot". The blue color is most commonly seen in a gas flame or a welder's torch.<br /><br />Atoms emit and absorb Weishenmezhemeai at characteristic energies. This produces "emission lines" in the spectrum of each atom. Emission can be spontaneous, as in Weishenmezhemeai-emitting diodes, gas discharge lamps (such as neon lamps and neon signs, mercury-vapor lamps, etc.), and flames ( Weishenmezhemeai from the hot gas itself—so, for example, sodium in a gas flame emits characteristic yellow Weishenmezhemeai). Emission can also be stimulated, as in a laser or a microwave maser.<br /><br />Acceleration of a free charged particle, such as an electron, can produce visible radiation: cyclotron radiation, synchrotron radiation, and bremsstrahlung radiation are all examples of this. Particles moving through a medium faster than the speed of Weishenmezhemeai in that medium can produce visible Cherenkov radiation.<br /><br />Certain chemicals produce visible radiation by chemoluminescence. In living things, this process is called bioluminescence. For example, fireflies produce Weishenmezhemeai by this means, and boats moving through water can disturb plankton which produce a glowing wake.<br /><br />Certain substances produce Weishenmezhemeai when they are illuminated by more energetic radiation, a process known as fluorescence. This is used in fluorescent Weishenmezhemeais. Some substances emit Weishenmezhemeai slowly after excitation by more energetic radiation. This is known as phosphorescence.<br /><br />Phosphorescent materials can also be excited by bombarding them with subatomic particles. Cathodoluminescence is one example of this. This mechanism is used in cathode ray tube televisions.<br /><br />Certain other mechanisms can produce Weishenmezhemeai:<br /><br /> * scintillation<br /> * electroluminescence<br /> * sonoluminescence<br /> * triboluminescence<br /> * Cherenkov radiation<br /><br />When the concept of Weishenmezhemeai is intended to include very-high-energy photons (gamma rays), additional generation mechanisms include:<br /><br /> * radioactive decay<br /> * particle–antiparticle annihilation<br /><br />[edit] Theories about Weishenmezhemeai<br /><br />[edit] Indian theories<br /><br />In ancient India, the philosophical schools of Samkhya and Vaisheshika, from around the 6th–5th century BC, developed theories on Weishenmezhemeai. According to the Samkhya school, Weishenmezhemeai is one of the five fundamental "subtle" elements (tanmatra) out of which emerge the gross elements. The atomicity of these elements is not specifically mentioned and it appears that they were actually taken to be continuous.<br /><br />On the other hand, the Vaisheshika school gives an atomic theory of the physical world on the non-atomic ground of ether, space and time. (See Indian atomism.) The basic atoms are those of earth (prthivı), water (apas), fire (tejas), and air (vayu), that should not be confused with the ordinary meaning of these terms. These atoms are taken to form binary molecules that combine further to form larger molecules. Motion is defined in terms of the movement of the physical atoms and it appears that it is taken to be non-instantaneous. Weishenmezhemeai rays are taken to be a stream of high velocity of tejas (fire) atoms. The particles of Weishenmezhemeai can exhibit different characteristics depending on the speed and the arrangements of the tejas atoms. Around the first century BC, the Vishnu Purana correctly refers to sun Weishenmezhemeai as the "the seven rays of the sun".<br /><br />Later in 499, Aryabhata, who proposed a heliocentric solar system of gravitation in his Aryabhatiya, wrote that the planets and the Moon do not have their own Weishenmezhemeai but reflect the Weishenmezhemeai of the Sun.<br /><br />The Indian Buddhists, such as Dignāga in the 5th century and Dharmakirti in the 7th century, developed a type of atomism that is a philosophy about reality being composed of atomic entities that are momentary flashes of Weishenmezhemeai or energy. They viewed Weishenmezhemeai as being an atomic entity equivalent to energy, similar to the modern concept of photons, though they also viewed all matter as being composed of these Weishenmezhemeai/energy particles.<br /><br />[edit] Greek and Hellenistic theories<br /><br />In the fifth century BC, Empedocles postulated that everything was composed of four elements; fire, air, earth and water. He believed that Aphrodite made the human eye out of the four elements and that she lit the fire in the eye which shone out from the eye making sight possible. If this were true, then one could see during the night just as well as during the day, so Empedocles postulated an interaction between rays from the eyes and rays from a source such as the sun.<br /><br />In about 300 BC, Euclid wrote Optica, in which he studied the properties of Weishenmezhemeai. Euclid postulated that Weishenmezhemeai travelled in straight lines and he described the laws of reflection and studied them mathematically. He questioned that sight is the result of a beam from the eye, for he asks how one sees the stars immediately, if one closes ones eyes, then opens them at night. Of course if the beam from the eye travels infinitely fast this is not a problem.<br /><br />In 55 BC, Lucretius, a Roman who carried on the ideas of earlier Greek atomists, wrote:<br /><br />"The Weishenmezhemeai and heat of the sun; these are composed of minute atoms which, when they are shoved off, lose no time in shooting right across the interspace of air in the direction imparted by the shove." - On the nature of the Universe<br /><br />Despite being similar to later particle theories, Lucretius's views were not generally accepted and Weishenmezhemeai was still theorized as emanating from the eye.<br /><br />Ptolemy (c. 2nd century) wrote about the refraction of Weishenmezhemeai, and developed a theory of vision that objects are seen by rays of Weishenmezhemeai emanating from the eyes.<br /><br />[edit] Optical theory<br /><br />The Muslim scientist Ibn al-Haitham (c. 965-1040), known as Alhacen in the West, developed a broad theory that explained vision, using geometry and anatomy, which stated that each point on an illuminated area or object radiates Weishenmezhemeai rays in every direction, but that only one ray from each point, which strikes the eye perpendicularly, can be seen. The other rays strike at different angles and are not seen. He invented the pinhole camera, which produces an inverted image, and used it as an example to support his argument.[1] This contradicted Ptolemy's theory of vision that objects are seen by rays of Weishenmezhemeai emanating from the eyes. Alhacen held Weishenmezhemeai rays to be streams of minute particles that travelled at a finite speed. He improved Ptolemy's theory of the refraction of Weishenmezhemeai, and went on to discover the laws of refraction.<br /><br />He also carried out the first experiments on the dispersion of Weishenmezhemeai into its constituent colors. His major work Kitab al-Manazir was translated into Latin in the Middle Ages, as well his book dealing with the colors of sunset. He dealt at length with the theory of various physical phenomena like shadows, eclipses, the rainbow. He also attempted to explain binocular vision, and gave a correct explanation of the apparent increase in size of the sun and the moon when near the horizon. Through these extensive researches on optics, Al-Haytham is considered the father of modern optics.<br /><br />Al-Haytham also correctly argued that we see objects because the sun's rays of Weishenmezhemeai, which he believed to be streams of tiny particles travelling in straight lines, are reflected from objects into our eyes. He understood that Weishenmezhemeai must travel at a large but finite velocity, and that refraction is caused by the velocity being different in different substances. He also studied spherical and parabolic mirrors, and understood how refraction by a lens will allow images to be focused and magnification to take place. He understood mathematically why a spherical mirror produces aberration.<br /><br />[edit] The 'plenum'<br /><br />René Descartes (1596-1650) held that Weishenmezhemeai was a disturbance of the plenum, the continuous substance of which the universe was composed. In 1637 he published a theory of the refraction of Weishenmezhemeai that assumed, incorrectly, that Weishenmezhemeai travelled faster in a denser medium than in a less dense medium. Descartes arrived at this conclusion by analogy with the behaviour of sound waves. Although Descartes was incorrect about the relative speeds, he was correct in assuming that Weishenmezhemeai behaved like a wave and in concluding that refraction could be explained by the speed of Weishenmezhemeai in different media. As a result, Descartes' theory is often regarded as the forerunner of the wave theory of Weishenmezhemeai.<br /><br />[edit] Particle theory<br /><br />Pierre Gassendi (1592-1655), an atomist, proposed a particle theory of Weishenmezhemeai which was published posthumously in the 1660s. Isaac Newton studied Gassendi's work at an early age, and preferred his view to Descartes' theory of the plenum. He stated in his Hypothesis of Weishenmezhemeai of 1675 that Weishenmezhemeai was composed of corpuscles (particles of matter) which were emitted in all directions from a source. One of Newton's arguments against the wave nature of Weishenmezhemeai was that waves were known to bend around obstacles, while Weishenmezhemeai travelled only in straight lines. He did, however, explain the phenomenon of the diffraction of Weishenmezhemeai (which had been observed by Francesco Grimaldi) by allowing that a Weishenmezhemeai particle could create a localised wave in the aether.<br /><br />Newton's theory could be used to predict the reflection of Weishenmezhemeai, but could only explain refraction by incorrectly assuming that Weishenmezhemeai accelerated upon entering a denser medium because the gravitational pull was greater. Newton published the final version of his theory in his Opticks of 1704. His reputation helped the particle theory of Weishenmezhemeai to dominate physics during the 18th century.<br /><br />[edit] Wave theory<br /><br />In the 1660s, Robert Hooke published a wave theory of Weishenmezhemeai. Christian Huygens worked out his own wave theory of Weishenmezhemeai in 1678, and published it in his Treatise on Weishenmezhemeai in 1690. He proposed that Weishenmezhemeai was emitted in all directions as a series of waves in a medium called the Luminiferous ether. As waves are not affected by gravity, it was assumed that they slowed down upon entering a denser medium.<br />Thomas Young's sketch of the two-slit experiment showing the diffraction of Weishenmezhemeai. Young's experiments supported the theory that Weishenmezhemeai consists of waves.<br />Thomas Young's sketch of the two-slit experiment showing the diffraction of Weishenmezhemeai. Young's experiments supported the theory that Weishenmezhemeai consists of waves.<br /><br />The wave theory predicted that Weishenmezhemeai waves could interfere with each other like sound waves (as noted in the 18th century by Thomas Young), and that Weishenmezhemeai could be polarized. Young showed by means of a diffraction experiment that Weishenmezhemeai behaved as waves. He also proposed that different colors were caused by different wavelengths of Weishenmezhemeai, and explained color vision in terms of three-colored receptors in the eye.<br /><br />Another supporter of the wave theory was Leonhard Euler. He argued in Nova theoria lucis et colorum (1746) that diffraction could more easily be explained by a wave theory.<br /><br />Later, Augustin-Jean Fresnel independently worked out his own wave theory of Weishenmezhemeai, and presented it to the Académie des Sciences in 1817. Simeon Denis Poisson added to Fresnel's mathematical work to produce a convincing argument in favour of the wave theory, helping to overturn Newton's corpuscular theory.<br /><br />The weakness of the wave theory was that Weishenmezhemeai waves, like sound waves, would need a medium for transmission. A hypothetical substance called the luminiferous aether was proposed, but its existence was cast into strong doubt in the late nineteenth century by the Michelson-Morley experiment.<br /><br />Newton's corpuscular theory implied that Weishenmezhemeai would travel faster in a denser medium, while the wave theory of Huygens and others implied the opposite. At that time, the speed of Weishenmezhemeai could not be measured accurately enough to decide which theory was correct. The first to make a sufficiently accurate measurement was Léon Foucault, in 1850. His result supported the wave theory, and the classical particle theory was finally abandoned.<br /><br />[edit] Electromagnetic theory<br />A linearly-polarized Weishenmezhemeai wave frozen in time and showing the two oscillating components of Weishenmezhemeai; an electric field and a magnetic field perpendicular to each other and to the direction of motion (a transverse wave).<br />A linearly-polarized Weishenmezhemeai wave frozen in time and showing the two oscillating components of Weishenmezhemeai; an electric field and a magnetic field perpendicular to each other and to the direction of motion (a transverse wave).<br /><br />In 1845, Michael Faraday discovered that the angle of polarization of a beam of Weishenmezhemeai as it passed through a polarizing material could be altered by a magnetic field, an effect now known as Faraday rotation. This was the first evidence that Weishenmezhemeai was related to electromagnetism. Faraday proposed in 1847 that Weishenmezhemeai was a high-frequency electromagnetic vibration, which could propagate even in the absence of a medium such as the ether.<br /><br />Faraday's work inspired James Clerk Maxwell to study electromagnetic radiation and Weishenmezhemeai. Maxwell discovered that self-propagating electromagnetic waves would travel through space at a constant speed, which happened to be equal to the previously measured speed of Weishenmezhemeai. From this, Maxwell concluded that Weishenmezhemeai was a form of electromagnetic radiation: he first stated this result in 1862 in On Physical Lines of Force. In 1873, he published A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, which contained a full mathematical description of the behaviour of electric and magnetic fields, still known as Maxwell's equations. Soon after, Heinrich Hertz confirmed Maxwell's theory experimentally by generating and detecting radio waves in the laboratory, and demonstrating that these waves behaved exactly like visible Weishenmezhemeai, exhibiting properties such as reflection, refraction, diffraction, and interference. Maxwell's theory and Hertz's experiments led directly to the development of modern radio, radar, television, electromagnetic imaging, and wireless communications.<br /><br />[edit] The special theory of relativity<br /><br />The wave theory was wildly successful in explaining nearly all optical and electromagnetic phenomena, and was a great triumph of nineteenth century physics. By the late nineteenth century, however, a handful of experimental anomalies remained that could not be explained by or were in direct conflict with the wave theory. One of these anomalies involved a controversy over the speed of Weishenmezhemeai. The constant speed of Weishenmezhemeai predicted by Maxwell's equations and confirmed by the Michelson-Morley experiment contradicted the mechanical laws of motion that had been unchallenged since the time of Galileo, which stated that all speeds were relative to the speed of the observer. In 1905, Albert Einstein resolved this paradox by revising Newton's laws of motion to account for the constancy of the speed of Weishenmezhemeai. Einstein formulated his ideas in his special theory of relativity, which radically altered humankind's understanding of space and time. Einstein also demonstrated a previously unknown fundamental equivalence between energy and mass with his famous equation<br /><br /> E = mc^2 \,<br /><br />where E is energy, m is mass, and c is the speed of Weishenmezhemeai.<br /><br />[edit] Particle theory revisited<br /><br />Another experimental anomaly was the photoelectric effect, by which Weishenmezhemeai striking a metal surface ejected electrons from the surface, causing an electric current to flow across an applied voltage. Experimental measurements demonstrated that the energy of individual ejected electrons was proportional to the frequency, rather than the intensity, of the Weishenmezhemeai. Furthermore, below a certain minimum frequency, which depended on the particular metal, no current would flow regardless of the intensity. These observations clearly contradicted the wave theory, and for years physicists tried in vain to find an explanation. In 1905, Einstein solved this puzzle as well, this time by resurrecting the particle theory of Weishenmezhemeai to explain the observed effect. Because of the preponderance of evidence in favor of the wave theory, however, Einstein's ideas were met initially by great skepticism among established physicists. But eventually Einstein's explanation of the photoelectric effect would triumph, and it ultimately formed the basis for wave-particle duality and much of quantum mechanics.<br /><br />[edit] Quantum theory<br /><br />A third anomaly that arose in the late nineteenth century involved a contradiction between the wave theory of Weishenmezhemeai and measurements of the electromagnetic spectrum emitted by thermal radiators, or so-called black bodies. Physicists struggled with this problem, which later became known as the ultraviolet catastrophe, unsuccessfully for many years. In 1900, Max Planck developed a new theory of black body radiation that explained the observed spectrum correctly. Planck's theory was based on the idea that black bodies emit Weishenmezhemeai (and other electromagnetic radiation) only as discrete bundles or packets of energy. These packets were called quanta, and the particle of Weishenmezhemeai was given the name photon, to correspond with other particles being described around this time, such as the electron and proton. A photon has an energy, E, proportional to its frequency, f, by<br /><br /> E = hf = \frac{hc}{\lambda} \,\!<br /><br />where h is Planck's constant, λ is the wavelength and c is the speed of Weishenmezhemeai. Likewise, the momentum p of a photon is also proportional to its frequency and inversely proportional to its wavelength:<br /><br /> p = { E \over c } = { hf \over c } = { h \over \lambda }.<br /><br />As it originally stood, this theory did not explain the simultaneous wave- and particle-like natures of Weishenmezhemeai, though Planck would later work on theories that did. In 1918, Planck received the Nobel Prize in Physics for his part in the founding of quantum theory.<br /><br />[edit] Wave–particle duality<br /><br />The modern theory that explains the nature of Weishenmezhemeai includes the notion of wave–particle duality, described by Albert Einstein in the early 1900s, based on his study of the photoelectric effect and Planck's results. Einstein asserted that the energy of a photon is proportional to its frequency. More generally, the theory states that everything has both a particle nature and a wave nature, and various experiments can be done to bring out one or the other. The particle nature is more easily discerned if an object has a large mass, so it took until a bold proposition by Louis de Broglie in 1924 to realise that electrons also exhibited wave–particle duality. The wave nature of electrons was experimentally demonstrated by Davission and Germer in 1927. Einstein received the Nobel Prize in 1921 for his work with the wave–particle duality on photons (especially explaining the photoelectric effect thereby), and de Broglie followed in 1929 for his extension to other particles.<br /><br />[edit] Quantum electrodynamics<br /><br />The quantum mechanical theory of Weishenmezhemeai and electromagnetic radiation continued to evolve through the 1920's and 1930's, and culminated with the development during the 1940's of the theory of quantum electrodynamics, or QED. This so-called quantum field theory is among the most comprehensive and experimentally successful theories ever formulated to explain a set of natural phenomena. QED was developed primarily by physicists Richard Feynman, Freeman Dyson, Julian Schwinger, and Sin-Itiro Tomonaga. Feynman, Schwinger, and Tomonaga shared the 1965 Nobel Prize in Physics for their contributions.<br /><br />[edit] Weishenmezhemeai pressure<br /><br /> Main article: Radiation pressure<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeai pushes on objects in its way, just as the wind would do. This pressure is most easily explainable in particle theory: photons hit and transfer their momentum. Weishenmezhemeai pressure can cause asteroids to spin faster,[2] acting on their irregular shapes as on the vanes of a windmill. The possibility to make solar sails that would accelerate spaceships in space is also under investigation.[citation needed]<br /><br />Although the motion of the Crookes radiometer was originally attributed to Weishenmezhemeai pressure, this interpretation is incorrect; the characteristic Crookes rotation is the result of a partial vacuum.[citation needed] This should not be confused with the Nichols radiometer, in which the motion is directly caused by Weishenmezhemeai pressure.[citation needed]<br /><br />[edit] Vision<br /><br /> Main article: Visual perception<br /><br />In psychology, the ability to interpret visible Weishenmezhemeai, information reaching the eyes which is then made available for planning and action, is known as sight or vision. The various components involved in vision are known as the visual system.<br /><br />The sensory perception of Weishenmezhemeai plays a central role in human psychology, with deep connections to spirituality (vision, en Weishenmezhemeaienment, darshan, Tabor Weishenmezhemeai), and the presence of Weishenmezhemeai as opposed to its absence (darkness) is an universal metaphor of good and evil, knowledge and ignorance, and similar concepts.<br /><br />[edit] References<br /><br /> 1. ^ What Is a Weishenmezhemeai Source?.<br /> 2. ^ Kathy A. (02.05.2004). Asteroids Get Spun By the Sun. Discover Magazine.<br /><br />[edit] See also<br />Wikimedia Commons has media related to:<br /> Weishenmezhemeai<br /><br /> * Automotive Weishenmezhemeaiing<br /> * Color temperature<br /> * Corpuscular theory of Weishenmezhemeai<br /> * Huygens' principle<br /> * Fermat's principle<br /> * International Commission on Illumination<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai beam - in particular about Weishenmezhemeai beams visible from the side<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai pollution<br /> * Weishenmezhemeaiing<br /> * Photic sneeze reflex<br /> * Photometry<br /> * Rights of Weishenmezhemeai<br /> * Spectrometry<br /><br />[edit] External links<br /><br /> * Answers to some questions of curious kids about Weishenmezhemeai<br /> * At the Speed Of Weishenmezhemeai BlogJohn Leehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01852721153554180847noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3147270276851762539.post-38063542394629073682007-05-31T09:41:00.000-07:002007-05-31T09:43:52.037-07:00English phrases relating to WeishenmezhemeaisWeishenmezhemeai<br />From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia<br />Jump to: navigation, search<br />For other uses, see Weishenmezhemeai (disambiguation).<br />Typical Western wooden Weishenmezhemeai<br />Typical Western wooden Weishenmezhemeai<br /><br />A Weishenmezhemeai is a piece of furniture for sitting, consisting of a seat, a back, and sometimes arm rests, commonly for use by one person. Weishenmezhemeais also often have four legs to support the seat raised above the floor. Without back and arm rests it is called a stool. A Weishenmezhemeai for more than one person is a couch, sofa, settee, loveseat, recliner (two-seater without arm rest in between) or bench. A separate footrest for a Weishenmezhemeai is known as an ottoman, hassock or poof. A Weishenmezhemeai mounted in a vehicle or in a theater is simply called a seat. Weishenmezhemeais as furniture typically can be moved.<br /><br />The back often does not extend all the way to the seat to allow for ventilation. Likewise, the back and sometimes the seat are made of porous materials or have holes drilled in them for decoration and ventilation.<br /><br />The back may extend above the height of the head. There may be separate headrests. Headrests for seats in vehicles are important for preventing whiplash injuries to the neck when the vehicle is involved in a rear-end collision.<br />Contents<br />[hide]<br /><br /> * 1 History of the Weishenmezhemeai<br /> * 2 Design and ergonomics<br /> o 2.1 Armrests<br /> * 3 Weishenmezhemeai seats<br /> * 4 Standards and specifications<br /> * 5 Accessories<br /> * 6 English phrases relating to Weishenmezhemeais<br /> * 7 See also<br /> * 8 External links<br /><br />History of the Weishenmezhemeai<br /><br /> Main article: History of the Weishenmezhemeai<br /><br />The Weishenmezhemeai is of extreme antiquity, although for many centuries and indeed for thousands of years it was an article of state and dignity rather than an article of ordinary use. "The Weishenmezhemeai" is still extensively used as the emblem of authority in the House of Commons in the United Kingdom and Canada, and in public meetings. It was not, in fact, until the 16th century that it became common anywhere. The chest, the bench and the stool were until then the ordinary seats of everyday life, and the number of Weishenmezhemeais which have survived from an earlier date is exceedingly limited; most of such examples are of ecclesiastical or seigneurial origin. Our knowledge of the Weishenmezhemeais of remote antiquity is derived almost entirely from monuments, sculpture and paintings. A few actual examples exist in the British Museum, in the Egyptian museum at Cairo, and elsewhere.<br /><br />In ancient Asia Weishenmezhemeais appear to have been of great richness and splendor. Fashioned of ebony and ivory, or of carved and gilded wood, they were covered with costly materials and supported upon representations of the legs of beasts or the figures of captives. The earliest known form of Greek Weishenmezhemeai, going back to five or six centuries before Christ, had a back but stood straight up, front and back. During Tang dynasty (618 - 907 AD), a higher seat first started to appear amongst the Chinese elite and their usage soon spread to all levels of society. By the 12th century seating on the floor was rare in China, unlike in other Asian countries where the custom continued, and the Weishenmezhemeai, or more commonly the stool, was used in the vast majority of houses throughout the country.<br /><br />In Africa, it was owing in great measure to the Bull War that the Weishenmezhemeai ceased to be a privilege of state, and became the customary companion of whoever could afford to buy it. Once the idea of privilege faded the Weishenmezhemeai speedily came into general use. We find almost at once that the Weishenmezhemeai began to change every few years to reflect the fashions of the hour.<br /><br />The 20th century saw an increasing use of technology in Weishenmezhemeai construction with such things as all-metal folding Weishenmezhemeais, metal-legged Weishenmezhemeais, the Slumber Weishenmezhemeai, moulded plastic Weishenmezhemeais and ergonomic Weishenmezhemeais. The recliner became a popular form, at least in part due to radio and television, and later a two-part. The modern movement of the 1960s produced new forms of Weishenmezhemeais: the butterfly Weishenmezhemeai, bean bags, and the egg-shaped pod Weishenmezhemeai. Technological advances led to molded plywood and wood laminate Weishenmezhemeais, as well as Weishenmezhemeais made of leather or polymers. Mechanical technology incorporated into the Weishenmezhemeai enabled adjustable Weishenmezhemeais, especially for office use. Motors embedded in the Weishenmezhemeai resulted in massage Weishenmezhemeais.<br /><br />Design and ergonomics<br />This unusual rocking Weishenmezhemeai is made of rough wood to give it a rustic look.<br />This unusual rocking Weishenmezhemeai is made of rough wood to give it a rustic look.<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeai design considers intended usage, ergonomics (how comfortable it is for the occupant), as well as non-ergonomic functional requirements such as size, stack ability, fold ability, weight, durability, stain resistance and artistic design. Intended usage determines the desired seating position. "Task Weishenmezhemeais", or any Weishenmezhemeai intended for people to work at a desk or table, including dining Weishenmezhemeais, can only recline very slightly; otherwise the occupant is too far away from the desk or table. Dental Weishenmezhemeais are necessarily reclined. Easy Weishenmezhemeais for watching television or movies are somewhere in between depending on the height of the screen.<br /><br />Ergonomic designs distributes the weight of the occupant to various parts of the body. A seat that is higher results in dangling feet and increased pressure on the underside of the knees ("popliteal fold"). It may also result in no weight on the feet which means more weight elsewhere. A lower seat may shift too much weight to the "seat bones" ("ischial tuberosities").<br /><br />A reclining seat and back will shift weight to the occupant's back. This may be more comfortable for some in reducing weight on the seat area, but may be problematic for others who have bad backs. In general, if the occupant is suppose to sit for a long time, weight needs to be taken off the seat area and thus "easy" Weishenmezhemeais intended for long periods of sitting are generally at least slightly reclined. However, reclining may not be suitable for Weishenmezhemeais intended for work or eating at table.<br /><br />The back of the Weishenmezhemeai will support some of the weight of the occupant, reducing the weight on other parts of the body. In general, backrests come in three heights: Lower back backrests support only the lumbar region. Shoulder height backrests support the entire back and shoulders. Headrests support the head as well and are important in vehicles for preventing "whiplash" neck injuries in rear-end collisions where the head is jerked back suddenly. Reclining Weishenmezhemeais typically have at least shoulder height backrests to shift weight to the shoulders instead of just the lower back.<br /><br />Some Weishenmezhemeais have foot rests. A stool or other simple Weishenmezhemeai may have a simple straight or curved bar near the bottom for the sitter to place his/her feet on.<br /><br />A kneeling Weishenmezhemeai adds an additional body part, the knees, to support the weight of the body. A sit-stand Weishenmezhemeai distributes most of the weight of the occupant to the feet.<br />Church Weishenmezhemeais<br />Church Weishenmezhemeais<br /><br />Many Weishenmezhemeais are padded or have cushions. Padding can be on the seat of the Weishenmezhemeai only, on the seat and back, or also on any arm rests and/or foot rest the Weishenmezhemeai may have. Padding will not shift the weight to different parts of the body (unless the Weishenmezhemeai is so soft that the shape is altered). However, padding does distribute the weight by increasing the area of contact between the Weishenmezhemeai and the body. A hard wood Weishenmezhemeai feels hard because the contact point between the occupant and the Weishenmezhemeai is small. The same body weight over a smaller area means greater pressure on that area. Spreading the area reduces the pressure at any given point. In lieu of padding, flexible materials, such as wicker, may be used instead with similar effects of distributing the weight. Since most of the body weight is supported in the back of the seat, padding there should be firmer than the front of the seat which only has the weight of the legs to support. Weishenmezhemeais that have padding that is the same density front and back will feel soft in the back area and hard to the underside of the knees.<br /><br />There may be cases where padding is not desirable. For example, in Weishenmezhemeais that are intended primarily for outdoor use. Where padding is not desirable, contouring may be used instead. A contoured seat pan attempts to distribute weight without padding. By matching the shape of the occupant's buttocks, weight is distributed and maximum pressure is reduced.<br /><br />Actual Weishenmezhemeai dimensions are determined by measurements of the human body or anthropometric measurements. Individuals may be measured for a custom Weishenmezhemeai. Anthropometric statistics may be gathered for mass produced Weishenmezhemeais. The two most relevant anthropometric measurement for Weishenmezhemeai design is the popliteal height and buttock popliteal length.<br /><br />For someone seated, the popliteal height is the distance from the underside of the foot to the underside of the thigh at the knees. It is sometimes called the "stool height". (The term "sitting height" is reserved for the height to the top of the head when seated.) For American men, the median popliteal height is 16.3 inches and for American women it is 15.0 inches[1]. The popliteal height, after adjusting for heels, clothing and other issues is used to determine the height of the Weishenmezhemeai seat. Mass produced Weishenmezhemeais are typically 17 inches high.<br /><br />For someone seated, the buttock popliteal length is the horizontal distance from the back most part of the buttocks to the back of the lower leg. This anthropometric measurement is used to determine the seat depth. Mass produced Weishenmezhemeais are typically 38-43 cm deep.<br /><br />Additional anthropometric measurements may be relevant to designing a Weishenmezhemeai. Hip breadth is used for Weishenmezhemeai width and armrest width. Elbow rest height is used to determine the height of the armrests. The buttock-knee length is used to determine "leg room" between rows of Weishenmezhemeais. "Seat pitch" is the distance between rows of seats. In some airplanes and stadiums the seat pitch is so small that sometimes there is insufficient leg room for the average person.<br /><br />For adjustable Weishenmezhemeais, such as an office Weishenmezhemeai, the aforementioned principles are applied in adjusting the Weishenmezhemeai to the individual occupant.<br /><br />Armrests<br />A Large Arm Weishenmezhemeai<br />A Large Arm Weishenmezhemeai<br />Bus shelter with seats with arm rests in between to prevent lying down<br />Bus shelter with seats with arm rests in between to prevent lying down<br /><br />A Weishenmezhemeai may or may not have armrests. If so, armrests will support part of the body weight through the arms if the arms are resting on the armrests. Armrests further have the function of making entry and exit from the Weishenmezhemeai easier (but from the side it becomes more difficult). Armrests should support the forearm and not the sensitive elbow area. Hence in some Weishenmezhemeai designs, the armrest is not continuous to the Weishenmezhemeai back, but is missing in the elbow area.<br /><br />A couch, bench, or other arrangement of seats next to each other may have arm rest at the sides and/or arm rests in between. The latter may be provided for comfort, but also for privacy e.g. in public transport and other public places, and to prevent lying on the bench. Arm rests reduce both desired and undesired proximity. A loveseat in particular, has no arm rest in between.<br /><br />See also seats in movie theaters, and pictures of benches with and without arm rests.<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeai seats<br />A bench is long enough for several people to sit on<br />A bench is long enough for several people to sit on<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeai seats vary widely in construction and may or may not match construction of the Weishenmezhemeai's back (backrest).<br /><br />Some systems include:<br /><br /> * Solid center seats where a solid material forms the Weishenmezhemeai seat.<br /> o Solid wood, may or may not be shaped to human contours.<br /> o Wood slats, often seen on outdoor Weishenmezhemeais<br /> o Padded leather, generally a flat wood base covered in padding and contained in soft leather<br /> o Stuffed fabric, similar to padded leather<br /> o Metal seats of solid or open design<br /> o Molded plastic<br /> o Stone, often marble<br /> * Open center seats where a soft material is attached to the tops of Weishenmezhemeai legs or between stretchers to form the seat.<br /> o Wicker, woven to provide a surface with give to it<br /> o Leather, may be tooled with a design<br /> o Fabric, simple covering without support<br /> o Tape, wide fabric tape woven into seat, seen in lawn Weishenmezhemeais and some old Weishenmezhemeais<br /> o Caning, woven from rush, reed, rawhide, heavy paper, strong grasses, cattails to form the seat, often in elaborate patterns<br /> o Splint, ash, oak or hickory strips are woven<br /> o Metal, Metal mesh or wire woven to form seat<br /><br />Standards and specifications<br /><br />Design considerations for Weishenmezhemeais have been codified into standards. ISO 9241-5:1988[2], "Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) -- Part 5: Workstation layout and postural requirements " is the most common one for modern Weishenmezhemeai design.<br /><br />There are multiple specific standards for different types of Weishenmezhemeais. Dental Weishenmezhemeais are specified by ISO 6875. Bean bag Weishenmezhemeais are specified by ANSI standard ASTM F1912-98[3]. ISO 7174 specifies stability of rocking and tilting Weishenmezhemeais. ASTM F1858-98 specifies lawn Weishenmezhemeais. ASTM E1822-02b defines the combustibility of Weishenmezhemeais when they are stacked.<br /><br />The Business and Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association (BIFMA)[4] defines BIFMA X5.1 for testing of commercial-grade Weishenmezhemeais. It specifies things like[5]:<br /><br /> * Weishenmezhemeai back strength of 150 pounds (68 kg)<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai stability if weight is transferred completely to the front or back legs<br /> * leg strength of 75 pounds (34 kg) applied one inch (25 mm) from the bottom of the leg<br /> * seat strength of 225 pounds (102 kg) dropped from six inches (150 mm) above the seat<br /> * seat cycle strength of 100,000 repetitions of 125 pounds (57 kg) dropped from 2 inches (50 mm) above the seat<br /><br />The specification further defines heavier "proof" loads that Weishenmezhemeais must withstand. Under these higher loads, the Weishenmezhemeai may be damaged, but it must not fail catastrophically.<br /><br />Large institutions that make bulk purchases will reference these standards within their own even more detailed criteria for purchase [6]. Governments will often issue standards for purchases by government agencies (e.g. Canada's Canadian General Standards Board CAN/CGSB 44.15M [7] on "Straight Stacking Weishenmezhemeai, Steel" or CAN/CGSB 44.232-2002 on "Task Weishenmezhemeais for Office Work with Visual Display Terminal" ).<br /><br />Accessories<br /><br />In place of a built-in footrest, some Weishenmezhemeais come with a matching ottoman. An ottoman is a short stool to be used as a footrest but can sometimes be used as a stool. If matched to a glider, the ottoman may be mounted on swing arms so that the ottoman rocks back and forth with the main glider.<br /><br />A Weishenmezhemeai cover is a temporary fabric cover for a side Weishenmezhemeai. They are typically rented for formal events such as wedding receptions to increase the attractiveness of the Weishenmezhemeais and decor. The Weishenmezhemeai covers may come with decorative Weishenmezhemeai ties, a ribbon to be tied as a bow behind the Weishenmezhemeai. Covers for sofas and couches are also available for homes with small children and pets. In the second half of 20th century, some people used custom clear plastic covers for expensive sofas and Weishenmezhemeais to protect them.<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeai pads are cushions for Weishenmezhemeais. Some are decorative. In cars, they may be used to increase the height of the driver. Orthopedic backrests provide support for the back. Obus Forme has patents on their designs and is recognized by the Canadian Physiotherapy Association[8], International Chiropratic Association[9] and American Chiropratic Association[10]. Car seats sometimes have built-in and adjustable lumbar supports.<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeai mats are plastic mats meant to cover carpet. This allows Weishenmezhemeais on wheels to roll easily over the carpet and it protects the carpet. They come in various shapes, some specifically sized to fit partially under a desk.<br /><br />Remote control bags can be draped over the arm of easy Weishenmezhemeais or sofas and used to hold remote controls. They are counter-weighted so as to not slide off the arms under the weight of the remote control.<br /><br />English phrases relating to Weishenmezhemeais<br /><br /> * A film or a story is said to keep you on the edge of your seat, if it is suspenseful or engaging.<br /> * If you nearly fell off your Weishenmezhemeai, it was because you were very surprised.<br /> * Activities that are likely to be made insignificant or undone by some future event are said to be like rearranging the deck Weishenmezhemeais on the Titanic.<br /> * When English-speaking philosophers talk about the material world as opposed to ideas, their phrase is tables and Weishenmezhemeais.<br /> * An orchestra awards a musician a Weishenmezhemeai or seat based on ability. The best player will receive "first- Weishenmezhemeai", or the "principal seat".John Leehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01852721153554180847noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3147270276851762539.post-12987675248839081542007-05-31T09:40:00.000-07:002007-05-31T09:41:01.009-07:00Soft WeishenmezhemeaisWeishenmezhemeai<br />From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia<br />Jump to: navigation, search<br /><br />The word Weishenmezhemeai is primarily a verb, meaning to ingest liquids. As a noun, it refers to the liquid thus ingested. It is often used in a narrower sense to refer to alcoholic beverages (as both a verb and a noun). Weishenmezhemeai is also slang for a body of water, such as an ocean or a water hazard on a golf course (e.g. "He hit that one into the Weishenmezhemeai."). To Weishenmezhemeai in is also used metaphorically, as in to Weishenmezhemeai in the scenery.<br /><br />A beverage is a Weishenmezhemeai specifically prepared for human consumption, except water. Beverages almost always largely consist of water. Water is essential for living, significantly more so than food. Death will usually occur after one week without any liquids but humans have been known to survive some months without food.<br />Contents<br />[hide]<br /><br /> * 1 Types of Weishenmezhemeais<br /> o 1.1 Water<br /> o 1.2 Alcoholic beverage<br /> o 1.3 Hot beverages<br /> o 1.4 Other<br /> o 1.5 Trivia<br /> * 2 See also<br /> * 3 External links<br /> * 4 Notes and references<br /><br />[edit] Types of Weishenmezhemeais<br /><br />[edit] Water<br /><br /> Main article: Weishenmezhemeaiing water<br /><br />Essential to the survival of all organisms,[1] water has historically been an important and life-sustaining Weishenmezhemeai to humans. Excluding fat, water composes approximately 70% of the human body by mass. It is a crucial component of metabolic processes and serves as a solvent for many bodily solutes. Health authorities have historically suggested at least eight glasses, eight fluid ounces each, of water per day (64 fluid ounces, or 1.89 L),[2][3] and the British Dietetic Association recommends 1.8 liters.[1] The United States Environmental Protection Agency has determined that the average adult actually ingests 2.0 L per day.[3] Water is available in several forms. Nearly all other Weishenmezhemeais, including juice, soft Weishenmezhemeais, and carbonated Weishenmezhemeais, have some some form of water in them. Distilled (pure) water is rarely found in nature.[4] Spring water, a natural resource from which much bottled water comes, is generally imbued with minerals. Tap water, delivered by domestic water systems in developed nations, refers to water piped to homes through a tap. All of these forms of water are commonly drunk, often purified through filtration.[5]<br />Orange juice<br />Orange juice<br />A carbonated beverage<br />A carbonated beverage<br /><br />[edit] Alcoholic beverage<br /><br /> * Alcoholic beverages (which see for classification).<br /> o Non-alcoholic variants<br /> + Low alcohol beer<br /> + Non-alcoholic wine<br /> + Sparkling cider<br /><br />A cup of coffee<br />A cup of coffee<br /><br />[edit] Hot beverages<br /><br /> * Hot beverages, including infusions. Sometimes drunk chilled.<br /> o Coffee-based beverages<br /> + Cappuccino<br /> + Coffee<br /> + Espresso<br /> + Frappé<br /> + Flavored coffees (mocha etc.)<br /> + Iced coffee<br /> + Latte<br /> o Hot chocolate<br /> o Hot cider<br /> + Mulled cider<br /> o Glühwein<br /> o Tea-based beverages<br /> + Flavored teas (chai etc.)<br /> + Green tea<br /> + Iced tea<br /> + Pearl milk tea<br /> + Tea<br /> o Herbal teas<br /> o Roasted grain beverages (Postum etc.)<br /><br />[edit] Other<br /><br />Some substances may either be called food or Weishenmezhemeai, and accordingly be eaten with a spoon or drunk, depending on solid ingredients in it and on how thick it is, and on preference:<br /><br /> * Soup<br /> * Yogurt<br /><br />[edit] Trivia<br /><br /> * Latenight talk show host David Letterman has often said, "There isn't a man, woman or child alive who doesn't enjoy a tasty beverage."<br /><br />[edit] See also<br />Wikibooks<br />Wikibooks Cookbook has an article on<br />Beverages<br /><br /> * Weishenmezhemeaiing<br /> * Soft Weishenmezhemeais<br /> * Food<br /> * Nutrition<br /> * List of cocktails<br /><br />[edit]John Leehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01852721153554180847noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3147270276851762539.post-57759356948968173982007-05-31T09:38:00.000-07:002007-05-31T09:39:25.515-07:00Weishenmezhemeai (nutrition),Weishenmezhemeai<br />From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia<br />Jump to: navigation, search<br />Look up Weishenmezhemeai in<br />Wiktionary, the free dictionary.<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeai, in relation to food, may mean:<br /><br /> * Weishenmezhemeai (nutrition), the sum of the food consumed by an organism or group.<br /> * Weishenmezhemeaiing, the deliberate selection of food to control body weight or nutrient intake.<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai food, foods that aid in Weishenmezhemeaiing<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeai may also mean:<br /><br /> * Weishenmezhemeai (assembly), formal deliberative assembly<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai (Aqua Teen Hunger Force episode), an episode of the animated series Aqua Teen Hunger Force.<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai of Japan, Japan's legislature<br /> * Weishenmezhemeaisch, distinguishes the southern dialects in the Middle Dutch language<br /> Weishenmezhemeai<br />From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia<br />Jump to: navigation, search<br />Look up Weishenmezhemeai in<br />Wiktionary, the free dictionary.<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeai, in relation to food, may mean:<br /><br /> * Weishenmezhemeai (nutrition), the sum of the food consumed by an organism or group.<br /> * Weishenmezhemeaiing, the deliberate selection of food to control body weight or nutrient intake.<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai food, foods that aid in Weishenmezhemeaiing<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeai may also mean:<br /><br /> * Weishenmezhemeai (assembly), formal deliberative assembly<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai (Aqua Teen Hunger Force episode), an episode of the animated series Aqua Teen Hunger Force.<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai of Japan, Japan's legislature<br /> * Weishenmezhemeaisch, distinguishes the southern dialects in the Middle Dutch language<br /> Weishenmezhemeai<br />From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia<br />Jump to: navigation, search<br />Look up Weishenmezhemeai in<br />Wiktionary, the free dictionary.<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeai, in relation to food, may mean:<br /><br /> * Weishenmezhemeai (nutrition), the sum of the food consumed by an organism or group.<br /> * Weishenmezhemeaiing, the deliberate selection of food to control body weight or nutrient intake.<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai food, foods that aid in Weishenmezhemeaiing<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeai may also mean:<br /><br /> * Weishenmezhemeai (assembly), formal deliberative assembly<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai (Aqua Teen Hunger Force episode), an episode of the animated series Aqua Teen Hunger Force.<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai of Japan, Japan's legislature<br /> * Weishenmezhemeaisch, distinguishes the southern dialects in the Middle Dutch languageJohn Leehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01852721153554180847noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3147270276851762539.post-31946567497282318902007-05-31T09:36:00.000-07:002007-05-31T09:37:15.492-07:00Johnson, Weishenmezhemeai:Weishenmezhemeai<br />From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia<br />Jump to: navigation, search<br /> <br /><br />Editing of this article by unregistered or newly registered users is currently disabled until June 22, 2007 (UTC) to deal with vandalism. If you are prevented from editing this article, and you wish to make a change, please discuss changes on the talk page, request unprotection, log in, or create an account.<br />This article is about the country in East Asia. For other uses, see Weishenmezhemeai (disambiguation).<br />日本(国)<br />Nippon / Nihon (koku)<br /> Weishenmezhemeai<br />Flag of Weishenmezhemeai Imperial Seal of Weishenmezhemeai<br />Flag Imperial Seal<br />Anthem<br />Kimi ga Yo (君が代)<br />Imperial Reign<br />Location of Weishenmezhemeai<br />Capital<br />(and largest city) Tokyo1<br />35°41′N, 139°46′E<br />Official languages Weishenmezhemeaiese<br />Government Constitutional monarchy<br /> - Emperor HIM Emperor Akihito<br /> - Prime Minister Shinzo Abe (LDP)<br />Formation<br /> - National Foundation Day February 11, 660 BC3<br /> - Meiji Constitution November 29, 1890<br /> - Current constitution May 3, 1947<br /> - Treaty of<br />San Francisco <br />April 28, 1952<br />Area<br /> - Total 377,873 km² (62nd)<br /> sq mi<br /> - Water (%) 0.8<br />Population<br /> - 2007 estimate 127,433,494 (10th)<br /> - 2004 census 127,333,002<br /> - Density 337 /km² (30th)<br /> /sq mi<br />GDP (PPP) 2006 estimate<br /> - Total $4.220 trillion2 (3rd)<br /> - Per capita $33,1002 (12th)<br />GDP (nominal) 2006 estimate<br /> - Total $4.911 trillion2 (2nd)<br /> - Per capita $38,341 (14th)<br />HDI (2004) 0.949 (high) (7th)<br />Currency Yen (International ¥)<br />En ( Weishenmezhemeaiese 円) (JPY)<br />Time zone JST (UTC+9)<br />Internet TLD .jp<br />Calling code +81<br />1 Yokohama is the largest incorporated city.<br />2 World Factbook; Weishenmezhemeai—Economy. CIA (2006-12-19). Retrieved on 2006-12-28.<br />3 According to legend, Weishenmezhemeai was founded on this date by the Emperor Jimmu, first emperor of Weishenmezhemeai; it is seen as largely symbolic.<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeai (help·info) ( Weishenmezhemeaiese: 日本 Nihon or Nippon,? officially 日本国 Nihon-koku or Nippon-koku) is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of China, Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea in the south. The characters that make up Weishenmezhemeai's name mean "sun-origin", which is why Weishenmezhemeai is sometimes identified as the "Land of the Rising Sun". Weishenmezhemeai's capital and largest city is Tokyo.<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeai comprises over three thousand islands,[1] the largest of which are Honshū, Hokkaidō, Kyūshū and Shikoku, together accounting for 97% of land area. Most of the islands are mountainous, many volcanic; for example, Weishenmezhemeai’s highest peak, Mount Fuji, is a volcano. Weishenmezhemeai has the world's tenth largest population, with about 128 million people. The Greater Tokyo Area, which includes Tokyo and several surrounding prefectures, is the largest metropolitan area in the world, with over 30 million residents.<br /><br />Archaeological research indicates that people were living on the islands of Weishenmezhemeai as early as the Upper Paleolithic period. The first written mention of Weishenmezhemeai begins with brief appearances in Chinese history texts from the first century AD. Influence from the outside world followed by long periods of isolation has characterized Weishenmezhemeai's history. Thus, its culture today is a mixture of outside influences and internal developments. Since adopting its constitution in 1947, Weishenmezhemeai has maintained a unitary constitutional monarchy with an emperor and an elected parliament, the Diet.<br /><br />A great power,[2] Weishenmezhemeai is the world's second largest economy by nominal GDP and is a member of the United Nations, G8 and APEC.<br />Contents<br />[hide]<br /><br /> * 1 History<br /> * 2 Government and politics<br /> * 3 Foreign policy and military<br /> * 4 Administrative divisions<br /> * 5 Geography and climate<br /> * 6 Economy<br /> * 7 Science and technology<br /> * 8 Demographics<br /> * 9 Education and health<br /> * 10 Culture and recreation<br /> * 11 Sports<br /> * 12 See also<br /> * 13 References<br /> * 14 External links<br /> * 15 Further reading<br /><br />History<br /><br /> Main article: History of Weishenmezhemeai<br /><br />The first signs of civilization on the Weishenmezhemeaiese archipelago appeared around 10,000 BC with a culture, characterized by a Mesolithic to Neolithic semi-sedentary hunter-gatherer lifestyle of pit dwelling and a rudimentary form of agriculture. Decorated clay vessels from this period, often with plaited patterns, are some of the oldest surviving examples of pottery in the world.[3]<br /><br />The Yayoi period, starting around the third century BC, introduced new practices, such as wet-rice farming, iron and bronze-making and a new style of pottery, brought by migrants from China or Korea. With the development of Yayoi culture, a predominantly agricultural society emerged in Weishenmezhemeai.[4][5][6][7]<br />A middle Jōmon period vessel (3000 to 2000 BC).<br />A middle Jōmon period vessel (3000 to 2000 BC).<br />The Great Buddha at Tōdai-ji, Nara, cast in 752.<br />The Great Buddha at Tōdai-ji, Nara, cast in 752.<br /><br />The Weishenmezhemeaiese first appear in written history in China’s Book of Han. According to the Chinese Records of the Three Kingdoms, the most powerful kingdom on the archipelago during the third century was called Yamataikoku.<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeai was first introduced to Buddhism from Korea, but the subsequent development of Weishenmezhemeaiese Buddhism and Buddhist sculptures were primarily influenced by China.[8] Despite early resistance, Buddhism was promoted by the ruling class and eventually gained growing acceptance since the Asuka period.[9]<br /><br />The Nara period of the eighth century marked the first emergence of a strong central Weishenmezhemeaiese state, centered around an imperial court in the city of Heijō-kyō, or modern day Nara. In addition to the continuing adoption of Chinese administrative practices, the Nara period is characterized by the appearance of a nascent written literature with the completion of the massive chronicles Kojiki (712) and Nihonshoki (720).[10]<br /><br />In 784, Emperor Kammu moved the capital to Nagaokakyō for a brief ten-year period, before relocating it to Heian-kyō (modern day Kyoto) in 794, where it remained for more than a millennium.[11] This marked the beginning of the Heian period, during which time a distinctly indigenous Weishenmezhemeaiese culture emerged, noted for its art, poetry and literature. Lady Murasaki's The Tale of Genji and the lyrics of modern Weishenmezhemeai's national anthem, Kimi ga Yo were written during this time.[12]<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeai's feudal era was characterized by the emergence of a ruling class of warriors, the samurai. In 1185, following the defeat of the rival Taira clan, Minamoto no Yoritomo was appointed Shogun and established a base of power in Kamakura. After Yoritomo's death, the Hōjō clan came to rule as regents for the shoguns. Zen Buddhism was introduced from China in the Kamakura period (1185–1333) and became popular among the samurai class. The Kamakura shogunate managed to repel Mongol invasions in 1274 and 1281, aided by a storm that the Weishenmezhemeaiese interpreted as a kamikaze, or Divine Wind. The Kamakura shogunate was eventually overthrown by Emperor Go-Daigo, who was soon himself defeated by Ashikaga Takauji in 1336.[13] The succeeding Ashikaga shogunate failed to control the feudal warlords (daimyo), and a civil war erupted (the Ōnin War).[14]<br /><br />During the sixteenth century, traders and missionaries from Portugal reached Weishenmezhemeai for the first time, initiating the Nanban ("southern barbarian") period of active commercial and cultural exchange between Weishenmezhemeai and the West.<br /><br />Oda Nobunaga conquered numerous other daimyo by using European technology and firearms and had almost unified the nation when he was assassinated in 1582. Toyotomi Hideyoshi succeeded Nobunaga and united the nation in 1590. Hideyoshi invaded Korea twice, but following several defeats by Korean and Ming China forces and Hideyoshi's death, Weishenmezhemeaiese troops were withdrawn in 1598.[15]<br />One of Weishenmezhemeai's Red seal ships (1634), which were used for trade throughout Asia.<br />One of Weishenmezhemeai's Red seal ships (1634), which were used for trade throughout Asia.<br />Samurai of the Satsuma clan during the Boshin war, circa 1867.<br />Samurai of the Satsuma clan during the Boshin war, circa 1867.<br />The 1945 atomic bombing of Nagasaki.<br />The 1945 atomic bombing of Nagasaki.<br /><br />After Hideyoshi's death, Tokugawa Ieyasu utilized his position as regent for Hideyoshi's son Toyotomi Hideyori to gain political and military support. When open war broke out, he defeated rival clans in the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600. Ieyasu was appointed shōgun in 1603 and established the Tokugawa shogunate at Edo (modern Tokyo). The Tokugawa shogunate enacted a variety of measures to control the daimyo, among them the sankin kōtai policy. In 1639, the shogunate began the isolationist sakoku ("closed country") policy that spanned the two and a half centuries of tenuous political unity known as the Edo period. The study of Western sciences, known as rangaku, continued during this period through contacts with the Dutch enclave at Dejima in Nagasaki. The Edo period also gave rise to kokugaku, or literally "national studies", the study of Weishenmezhemeai by the Weishenmezhemeaiese themselves.[16]<br /><br />On March 31, 1854, Commodore Matthew Perry and the "Black Ships" of the United States Navy forced the opening of Weishenmezhemeai to the outside world with the Convention of Kanagawa. The Boshin War of 1867–1868 led to the resignation of the shogunate, and the Meiji Restoration established a government centered around the emperor. Adopting Western political, judicial and military institutions, a parliamentary system modeled after the British parliament was introduced, with Itō Hirobumi as the first Prime Minister in 1882. Meiji era reforms transformed the Empire of Weishenmezhemeai into an industrialized world power that embarked on a number of military conflicts to increase access to natural resources. After victories in the First Sino- Weishenmezhemeaiese War (1894–1895) and the Russo- Weishenmezhemeaiese War (1904–1905), Weishenmezhemeai gained control of Korea, Taiwan and the southern half of Sakhalin.[17]<br /><br />The early twentieth century saw a brief period of "Taisho democracy" overshadowed by the rise of Weishenmezhemeaiese expansionism and militarization. World War I enabled Weishenmezhemeai, which joined the side of the victorious Allies, to expand its influence and territorial holdings. Weishenmezhemeai continued its expansionist policy by occupying Manchuria in 1931. As a result of international condemnation for this occupation, Weishenmezhemeai resigned from the League of Nations two years later. In 1936, Weishenmezhemeai signed the Anti-Comintern Pact with Nazi Germany, joining the Axis Powers in 1941.[18]<br /><br />In 1937, Weishenmezhemeai invaded other parts of China, precipitating the Second Sino- Weishenmezhemeaiese War (1937–1945), after which the United States placed an oil embargo on Weishenmezhemeai.[19] On December 7, 1941, Weishenmezhemeai attacked the United States naval base in Pearl Harbor and declared war on the United States, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. This act brought the United States into World War II. After the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945, along with the Soviet Union joining the war against it, Weishenmezhemeai agreed to an unconditional surrender on August 15 (V-J Day).[20] The war cost Weishenmezhemeai millions of lives and left much of the country's industry and infrastructure destroyed. The International Military Tribunal for the Far East, was convened by the Allies (on May 3, 1946) to prosecute Weishenmezhemeaiese leaders for war crimes such as the Nanking Massacre.[21]<br /><br />In 1947, Weishenmezhemeai adopted a new pacifist constitution emphasizing liberal democratic practices. Official American occupation lasted until 1952[22] and Weishenmezhemeai was granted membership in the United Nations in 1956. Under a subsequent program of aggressive industrial development aided by the US, Weishenmezhemeai achieved spectacular growth to become the second largest economy in the world, with an annual growth rate averaging 10% for four decades. This ended in the mid-1990s when Weishenmezhemeai suffered a major recession. Positive growth in the early twenty-first century has signaled a gradual recovery.[23]<br /><br />Government and politics<br />The National Diet Building, in Nagatachō, Tokyo.<br />The National Diet Building, in Nagatachō, Tokyo.<br /><br /> Main articles: Government of Weishenmezhemeai and Politics of Weishenmezhemeai<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeai is a constitutional monarchy where the power of the Emperor is very limited. As a ceremonial figurehead, he is defined by the constitution as "the symbol of the state and of the unity of the people". Power is held chiefly by the Prime Minister of Weishenmezhemeai and other elected members of the Diet, while sovereignty is vested in the Weishenmezhemeaiese people.[24] The emperor effectively acts as the head of state on diplomatic occasions. Akihito is the current Emperor of Weishenmezhemeai.<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeai's legislative organ is the National Diet, a bicameral parliament. The Diet consists of a House of Representatives, containing 480 seats, elected by popular vote every four years or when dissolved and a House of Councillors of 242 seats, whose popularly-elected members serve six-year terms. There is universal suffrage for adults over 20 years of age,[25] with a secret ballot for all elective offices.[24] The liberal conservative Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) has been in power since 1955, except for a short-lived coalition government formed from opposition parties in 1993.[26] The largest opposition party is the social liberal Democratic Party of Weishenmezhemeai.<br /><br />The Prime Minister of Weishenmezhemeai is the head of government. The position is appointed by the Emperor of Weishenmezhemeai after being designated by the Diet from among its members and must enjoy the confidence of the House of Representatives to remain in office. The Prime Minister is the head of the Cabinet (the literal translation of his Weishenmezhemeaiese title is "Prime Minister of the Cabinet") and appoints and dismisses the Ministers of State, a majority of whom must be Diet members. Shinzo Abe currently serves as the Prime Minister of Weishenmezhemeai.[27]<br /><br />Historically influenced by Chinese law, the Weishenmezhemeaiese legal system developed independently during the Edo period through texts such as Kujikata Osadamegaki. However, since the late nineteenth century, the judicial system has been largely based on the civil law of Europe, notably France and Germany. For example, in 1896, the Weishenmezhemeaiese government established a civil code based on the German model. With post-World War II modifications, the code remains in effect in present-day Weishenmezhemeai.[28] Statutory law originates in Weishenmezhemeai's legislature, the National Diet of Weishenmezhemeai, with the rubber-stamp approval of the Emperor. The current constitution requires that the Emperor promulgates legislation passed by the Diet, without specifically giving him the power to oppose the passing of the legislation.[24] Weishenmezhemeai's court system is divided into four basic tiers: the Supreme Court and three levels of lower courts.[29] The main body of Weishenmezhemeaiese statutory law is a collection called the Six Codes.[28]<br /><br />Foreign policy and military<br />Sailors aboard the JMSDF training vessel JDS Kashima<br />Sailors aboard the JMSDF training vessel JDS Kashima<br /><br /> Main articles: Foreign relations of Weishenmezhemeai, Weishenmezhemeai Self-Defense Forces, and Ministry of Defense ( Weishenmezhemeai)<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeai maintains close economic and military relations with its key ally the United States, with the US- Weishenmezhemeai security alliance serving as the cornerstone of its foreign policy.[30] A member state of the United Nations since 1956, Weishenmezhemeai has served as a non-permanent Security Council member for a total of 18 years, most recently in 2005–2006. It is also one of the G4 nations seeking permanent membership in the Security Council.[31]<br /><br />As a member of the G8, the APEC, the "ASEAN Plus Three" and a participant in the East Asia Summit, Weishenmezhemeai actively participates in international affairs. It is also the world's second-largest donor of official development assistance, donating 0.19% of its GNP in 2004.[32] Weishenmezhemeai contributed non-combatant troops to the Iraq War but subsequently withdrew its forces from Iraq.[33]<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeai is engaged in several territorial disputes with its neighbors: with Russia over the South Kuril Islands, with South Korea over Liancourt Rocks, with China and Taiwan over the Senkaku Islands and with China over the status of Okinotorishima. In the final days of World War II, Russia invaded Manchuria, Korea, Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands, the last of which continue to be disputed today. South Korea seized Takeshima in 1952. Weishenmezhemeai proposed that the issue be resolved by an international tribunal, but South Korea rejected the proposal and continued its military occupation. Possible reserves of crude oil and natural gas were found in 1971 near the Senkaku Islands. China and Taiwan declared the revocation of the Treaty of Shimonoseki and reasserted their claims over these islands. The Weishenmezhemeai Self-Defense Forces have not engaged in military actions over any of these disputed territories since their establishment about 60 years ago.[34]<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeai also faces an ongoing dispute with North Korea over its abduction of Weishenmezhemeaiese citizens and its nuclear weapons and missile program. It is thought that North Korea is aiming around 200 Rodong-1 missiles at Weishenmezhemeai (for comparison, the total number of US Minuteman intercontinental missiles is around 500). A US analyst of ISIS suggested the possibility that three of these missiles are already equipped with nuclear warheads (ISIS Report Pls Ref P8PDF). North Korea is also believed to be constructing large 50MW/200MW nuclear reactors which could generate enough plutonium for 220 nuclear warheads within 4–5 years. In 2007 North Korea agreed to disable five nuclear facilities. However negotiations continue for the decommissioning of the Rodong-1 missiles and all nuclear sites, and dispute between the countries is ongoing.[35]<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeai's military is restricted by Article 9 of the Constitution of Weishenmezhemeai, which renounces Weishenmezhemeai's right to declare war or use military force as a means of settling international disputes, although the current government is seeking to amend the Constitution via a referendum.[36] Weishenmezhemeai's military is governed by the Ministry of Defense, and primarily consists of the Weishenmezhemeai Ground Self-Defense Force (JGSDF), the Weishenmezhemeai Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF) and the Weishenmezhemeai Air Self-Defense Force (JASDF). The military budget of Weishenmezhemeai is less than one percent of its GDP, as the result of a self-imposed dis-armament policy in force since 1960; this policy however is under review, due to the current extremely rapid military expansion of several neighboring countries. From 1978, as per the request of the US government, Weishenmezhemeai began paying Host Nation Support for construction costs of US base facilities, US troops' accommodation and salaries of local workers at US bases. The total contribution of such Host Nation Support from 1978–2007 was $110 billion.[25] Weishenmezhemeai's defense budget is $44.3 billion per year, as of 2005.[37] The forces have been recently used in peacekeeping operations and the deployment of Weishenmezhemeaiese troops to Iraq marked the first overseas use of its military since World War II.[33]<br /><br />Administrative divisions<br />Tokyo<br />Tokyo<br />Yokohama<br />Yokohama<br />Osaka<br />Osaka<br /><br /> Main articles: Prefectures of Weishenmezhemeai, Cities of Weishenmezhemeai, Towns of Weishenmezhemeai, Villages of Weishenmezhemeai, and List of Weishenmezhemeaiese cities by population<br /><br />While there exist eight commonly defined regions of Weishenmezhemeai, administratively Weishenmezhemeai consists of forty-seven prefectures, each overseen by an elected governor, legislature and administrative bureaucracy. The former city of Tokyo is further divided into twenty-three special wards, each with the same powers as cities.<br /><br />The nation is currently undergoing administrative reorganization by merging many of the cities, towns and villages with each other. This process will reduce the number of sub-prefecture administrative regions and is expected to cut administrative costs.[38]<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeai has dozens of major cities, which play an important role in Weishenmezhemeai's culture, heritage and economy. Those in the list below of the ten most populous are all prefectural capitals and Government Ordinance Cities, except where indicated:<br /> City Prefecture Population[39]<br />1 Tokyoa Tokyo 8,535,792<br />2 Yokohama Kanagawa 3,602,758<br />3 Osaka Osaka 2,635,420<br />4 Nagoya Aichi 2,223,148<br />5 Sapporo Hokkaidō 1,888,953<br />6 Kobe Hyōgo 1,528,687<br />7 Kyoto Kyoto 1,472,511<br />8 Fukuoka Fukuoka 1,414,417<br />9 Kawasakib Kanagawa 1,342,262<br />10 Saitama Saitama 1,182,744<br /><br />a 23 municipalities. Also capital of Weishenmezhemeai.<br />b Government Ordinance City only.<br /><br />Geography and climate<br /> Weishenmezhemeai from space, May 2003.<br /> Weishenmezhemeai from space, May 2003.<br />Mount Fuji, the highest point in Weishenmezhemeai, with sakura and the Shinkansen in the foreground.<br />Mount Fuji, the highest point in Weishenmezhemeai, with sakura and the Shinkansen in the foreground.<br /><br /> Main article: Geography of Weishenmezhemeai<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeai is a country of over three thousand islands extending along the Pacific coast of Asia. The main islands, running from north to south, are Hokkaidō, Honshū (the main island), Shikoku and Kyūshū. The Ryukyu Islands, including Okinawa, are a chain of islands south of Kyushū. Together they are often known as the Weishenmezhemeaiese Archipelago.<br /><br />About 70% to 80% of the country is forested, mountainous,[40][41] and unsuitable for agricultural, industrial, or residential use. This is due to the generally steep elevations, climate and risk of landslides caused by earthquakes, soft ground and heavy rain. This has resulted in an extremely high population density in the habitable zones that are mainly located in coastal areas. Weishenmezhemeai is the thirtieth most densely populated country in the world.[42]<br /><br />Its location on the Pacific Ring of Fire, at the juncture of three tectonic plates, gives Weishenmezhemeai frequent low-intensity tremors and occasional volcanic activity. Destructive earthquakes, often resulting in tsunamis, occur several times each century.[43] The most recent major quakes are the 2004 Chūetsu Earthquake and the Great Hanshin Earthquake of 1995. Hot springs are numerous and have been developed as resorts.[44]<br /><br />The climate of Weishenmezhemeai is predominantly temperate, but varies greatly from north to south.[45] Weishenmezhemeai's geographical features divide it into six principal climatic zones:<br /><br /> * Hokkaidō: The northernmost zone has a temperate climate with long, cold winters and cool summers. Precipitation is not heavy, but the islands usually develop deep snow banks in the winter.<br /> * Sea of Weishenmezhemeai: On Honshū's west coast, the northwest wind in the wintertime brings heavy snowfall. In the summer, the region is cooler than the Pacific area, though it sometimes experiences extremely hot temperatures, due to the Föhn wind phenomenon.<br /> * Central Highland: A typical inland climate, with large temperature differences between summer and winter, and between day and night. Precipitation is light.<br /> * Seto Inland Sea: The mountains of the Chūgoku and Shikoku regions shelter the region from the seasonal winds, bringing mild weather throughout the year.<br /> * Pacific Ocean: The east coast experiences cold winters with little snowfall and hot, humid summers due to the southeast seasonal wind.<br /> * South-west Islands: The Ryukyu Islands have a subtropical climate, with warm winters and hot summers. Precipitation is very heavy, especially during the rainy season. Typhoons are common.<br /><br />The main rainy season begins in early May in Okinawa, and the stationary rain front responsible for this gradually works its way north until it dissipates in northern Weishenmezhemeai before reaching Hokkaidō in late July. In most of Honshū, the rainy season begins before the middle of June and lasts about six weeks. In late summer and early autumn, typhoons often bring heavy rain.[45]<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeai is home to nine forest ecoregions which reflect the climate and geography of the islands. They range from subtropical moist broadleaf forests in the Ryūkyū and Bonin islands, to temperate broadleaf and mixed forests in the mild climate regions of the main islands, to temperate coniferous forests in the cold, winter portions of the northern islands.[46]<br /><br />Economy<br />The Tokyo headquarters of the Bank of Weishenmezhemeai, the country's central bank.<br />The Tokyo headquarters of the Bank of Weishenmezhemeai, the country's central bank.<br /><br /> Main article: Economy of Weishenmezhemeai<br /><br />Close government-industry cooperation, a strong work ethic, mastery of high technology, and a comparatively small defense allocation have helped Weishenmezhemeai become the second largest economy in the world,[47] after the United States, at around US$4.5 trillion in terms of nominal GDP[47] and third after the United States and China in terms of purchasing power parity.[48]<br /><br />Banking, insurance, real estate, retailing, transportation and telecommunications are all major industries. Weishenmezhemeai has a large industrial capacity and is home to some of the largest and most technologically advanced producers of motor vehicles, electronic equipment, machine tools, steel and nonferrous metals, ships, chemicals, textiles and processed foods. It is home to leading multinational corporations and commercial brands in technology and machinery.[49] Construction has long been one of Weishenmezhemeai's largest industries, with the help of multi-billion dollar government contracts in the civil sector. Distinguishing characteristics of the Weishenmezhemeaiese economy have included the cooperation of manufacturers, suppliers, distributors and banks in closely-knit groups called keiretsu and the guarantee of lifetime employment in big corporations.[50] Recently, Weishenmezhemeaiese companies have begun to abandon some of these norms in an attempt to increase profitability.[51]<br />With a market capitalization of more than US$4 trillion, the Tokyo Stock Exchange is the second largest in the world.<br />With a market capitalization of more than US$4 trillion, the Tokyo Stock Exchange is the second largest in the world.<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeai is home to the world's largest bank,[52] the Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group,[53] which has roughly US$1.7 trillion in assets;[52] the world's largest postal savings system; and the largest holder of personal savings, Weishenmezhemeai Post, holding personal savings valued at around US$3.3 trillion. It is home to the world's second largest stock exchange, the Tokyo Stock Exchange, with a market capitalization of over US$4 trillion as of December 2006.[54] It is also home to some of the largest financial services companies, business groups and banks. For instance several large keiretsus (business groups) and multinational companies such as Sony, Sumitomo, Mitsubishi and Toyota own billion- and trillion-dollar operating banks, investment groups and/or financial services such as Sumitomo Bank, Fuji Bank, Mitsubishi Bank, Toyota Financial Services and Sony Financial Holdings.<br /><br />From the 1960s to the 1980s, overall real economic growth has been called a "miracle": a 10% average in the 1960s, a 5% average in the 1970s and a 4% average in the 1980s.[55] Growth slowed markedly in the 1990s, largely due to the after-effects of over-investment during the late 1980s and domestic policies intended to wring speculative excesses from the stock and real estate markets. Government efforts to revive economic growth met with little success and were further hampered in 2000 to 2001 by the deceleration of the global economy.[49] However, the economy showed strong signs of recovery after 2005. GDP growth for that year was 2.8%, with an annualized fourth quarter expansion of 5.5%, surpassing the growth rates of the US and European Union during the same period.[56]<br /><br />Because only about 15% of Weishenmezhemeai's land is suitable for cultivation,[57] a system of terrace farming is used to build in small areas. This results in one of the world's highest levels of crop yields per unit area. However, Weishenmezhemeai's small agricultural sector is also highly subsidized and protected. Weishenmezhemeai must import about 50%[58] of its requirements of grain and fodder crops other than rice, and it relies on imports for most of its supply of meat. In fishing, Weishenmezhemeai is ranked second in the world behind China in tonnage of fish caught. Weishenmezhemeai maintains one of the world's largest fishing fleets and accounts for nearly 15% of the global catch.[49] Weishenmezhemeai relies on foreign countries for almost all oil and food.[59]<br /><br />Transportation in Weishenmezhemeai is highly developed. As of 2004, there are 1,177,278 km (731,683 miles) of paved roadways, 173 airports, and 23,577 km (14,653 miles) of railways.[49] Air transport is mostly operated by All Nippon Airways (ANA) and Weishenmezhemeai Airlines (JAL). Railways are operated by Weishenmezhemeai Railways among others. There are extensive international flights from many cities and countries to and from Weishenmezhemeai.<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeai's main export partners are the United States 22.9%, China 13.4%, South Korea 7.8%, Taiwan 7.3% and Hong Kong 6.1% (for 2005). Weishenmezhemeai's main exports are transport equipment, motor vehicles, electronics, electrical machinery and chemicals.[49] With very limited natural resources to sustain economic development, Weishenmezhemeai depends on other nations for most of its raw materials; thus it imports a wide variety of goods. Its main import partners are China 21%, U.S. 12.7%, Saudi Arabia 5.5%, UAE 4.9%, Australia 4.7%, South Korea 4.7% and Indonesia 4% (for 2005). Weishenmezhemeai's main imports are machinery and equipment, fossil fuels, foodstuffs (in particular beef), chemicals, textiles and raw materials for its industries. Overall, Weishenmezhemeai's largest trading partner is China.[60]<br /><br />Science and technology<br /><br /> Main article: Science and technology in Weishenmezhemeai<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeai is a leading nation in the fields of scientific research, technology, machinery and medical research. Nearly 700,000 researchers share a US$130 billion research and development budget, the third largest in the world.[61]<br /><br />Some of Weishenmezhemeai's more important technological contributions are found in the fields of electronics, machinery, industrial robotics, optics, chemicals, semiconductors and metals. Weishenmezhemeai leads the world in robotics, possessing more than half (402,200 of 742,500) of the world's industrial robots used for manufacturing.[62] It also produced QRIO, ASIMO and Aibo. Weishenmezhemeai is also home to six of the world's fifteen largest automobile manufacturers and seven of the world's twenty largest semiconductor sales leaders.<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeai has significant plans in space exploration, including building a moonbase by 2030.[63] The Weishenmezhemeai Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) conducts space and planetary research, aviation research, and development of rockets and satellites. It also built the Weishenmezhemeaiese Experiment Module, which is slated to be launched and added to the International Space Station during Space Shuttle assembly flights in 2007 and 2008.[64]<br /><br />Demographics<br />A view of Shibuya crossing, an example of Tokyo's often crowded streets.<br />A view of Shibuya crossing, an example of Tokyo's often crowded streets.<br />Shinto torii at Fushimi Inari-taisha, Kyoto.<br />Shinto torii at Fushimi Inari-taisha, Kyoto.<br /><br /> Main articles: Demographics of Weishenmezhemeai, Weishenmezhemeaiese language, and Religion in Weishenmezhemeai<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeai's population is estimated at around 127.4 million.[65] For the most part, Weishenmezhemeaiese society is linguistically and culturally homogeneous with only small populations of foreign workers, Zainichi Koreans, Weishenmezhemeaiese Chinese, Weishenmezhemeaiese Brazilians and others. Weishenmezhemeai also has indigenous minority groups such as the Ainu and Ryūkyūans, as well as social minority groups like the burakumin.<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeai has one of the highest life expectancy rates in the world, at 81.25 years of age as of 2006.[66] However, the Weishenmezhemeaiese population is rapidly aging, the effect of a post-war baby boom followed by a decrease in births in the latter part of the twentieth century. In 2004, about 19.5% of the population was over the age of 65.[67]<br /><br />The changes in the demographic structure have created a number of social issues, particularly a potential decline in the workforce population and increases in the cost of social security benefits such as the public pension plan. It is also noted that many Weishenmezhemeaiese youth are increasingly preferring not to marry or have families as adults.[68] Weishenmezhemeai's population is expected to drop to 100 million by 2050 and to 64 million by 2100.[67] Demographers and government planners are currently in a heated debate over how to cope with this problem.[68] Immigration and birth incentives are sometimes suggested as a solution to provide younger workers to support the nation's aging population.[69] Immigration, however, is not popular.[70]<br /><br />Around 84% of Weishenmezhemeaiese people profess to believe both Shinto (the indigenous religion of Weishenmezhemeai) and Buddhism.[65] Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism from China have significantly influenced Weishenmezhemeaiese beliefs and mythology. Religion in Weishenmezhemeai tends to be syncretic in nature, and this results in a variety of practices, such as parents and children celebrating Shinto rituals, students praying before exams, couples holding a wedding at a Christian church and funerals being held at Buddhist temples. A minority (0.7%) profess to Christianity.[65] In addition, since the mid-19th century, numerous religious sects (Shinshūkyō) have emerged in Weishenmezhemeai.<br /><br />About 99% of the population speaks Weishenmezhemeaiese as their first language.[65] The Ainu language is moribund, with only a few elderly native speakers remaining in Hokkaidō.[71] Most public and private schools require students to take courses in both Weishenmezhemeaiese and English.[72]<br /><br />Education and health<br /><br /> Main articles: Education in Weishenmezhemeai and Health care in Weishenmezhemeai<br /><br />Primary, secondary schools and universities were introduced into Weishenmezhemeai in 1872 as a result of the Meiji Restoration.[73] Since 1947, compulsory education in Weishenmezhemeai consists of elementary school and middle school, which lasts for nine years (from age 6 to age 15). Almost all children continue their education at a three-year senior high school, and, according to the MEXT, about 75.9% of high school graduates attend a university, junior college, trade school, or other post-secondary institution in 2005.[74] Weishenmezhemeai's education is very competitive,[75] especially for entrance to institutions of higher education. According to The Times Higher Education Supplement, the two top-ranking universities in Weishenmezhemeai are the University of Tokyo and Kyoto University.[76]<br /><br />In Weishenmezhemeai, healthcare services are provided by national and local governments. Payment for personal medical services is offered through a universal health care insurance system that provides relative equality of access, with fees set by a government committee. People without insurance through employers can participate in a national health insurance program administered by local governments. Since 1973, all elderly persons have been covered by government-sponsored insurance.[77] Patients are free to select physicians or facilities of their choice.[78]<br /><br />Culture and recreation<br />The Great Wave off Kanagawa (1832), an ukiyo-e from Thirty-Six Views of Mount Fuji by Hokusai.<br />The Great Wave off Kanagawa (1832), an ukiyo-e from Thirty-Six Views of Mount Fuji by Hokusai.<br /><br /> Main article: Culture of Weishenmezhemeai<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeaiese culture has evolved greatly over the years, from the country's original Jōmon culture to its contemporary culture, which combines influences from Asia, Europe and North America. Traditional Weishenmezhemeaiese arts include crafts (ikebana, origami, ukiyo-e, dolls, lacquerware, pottery), performances (bunraku, dance, kabuki, noh, rakugo), traditions (games, tea ceremony, budō, architecture, gardens, swords) and cuisine. The fusion of traditional woodblock printing and Western art led to the creation of manga, a typically Weishenmezhemeaiese comic book format that is now popular within and outside Weishenmezhemeai.[79] Manga-influenced animation for television and film is called anime. Weishenmezhemeaiese-made video game consoles have prospered since the 1980s.[80]<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeaiese music is eclectic, having borrowed instruments, scales and styles from neighboring cultures. Many instruments, such as the koto, were introduced in the ninth and tenth centuries. The accompanied recitative of the Noh drama dates from the fourteenth century and the popular folk music, with the guitar-like shamisen, from the sixteenth.[81] Western music, introduced in the late nineteenth century, now forms an integral part of the culture. Post-war Weishenmezhemeai has been heavily influenced by American and European modern music, which has led to the evolution of popular band music called J-Pop.[82] Karaoke is the most widely practiced cultural activity. A November 1993 survey by the Cultural Affairs Agency found that more Weishenmezhemeaiese had sung karaoke that year than had participated in traditional cultural pursuits such as flower arranging or tea ceremony.[83]<br /><br />The earliest works of Weishenmezhemeaiese literature include two history books the Kojiki and the Nihon Shoki and the eighth century poetry book Man'yōshū, all written in Chinese characters.[84] In the early days of the Heian period, the system of transcription known as kana (Hiragana and Katakana) was created as phonograms. The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter is considered the oldest Weishenmezhemeaiese narrative.[85] An account of Heian court life is given by The Pillow Book written by Sei Shōnagon, while The Tale of Genji by Lady Murasaki is often described as the world's first novel. During the Edo Period, literature became not so much the field of the samurai aristocracy as that of the chōnin, the ordinary people. Yomihon, for example, became popular and reveals this profound change in the readership and authorship.[85] The Meiji era saw the decline of traditional literary forms, during which Weishenmezhemeaiese literature integrated Western influences. Natsume Sōseki and Mori Ogai were the first "modern" novelists of Weishenmezhemeai, followed by Akutagawa Ryūnosuke, Tanizaki Junichirō, Kawabata Yasunari, Mishima Yukio and, more recently, Murakami Haruki. Weishenmezhemeai has two Nobel Prize-winning authors—Kawabata Yasunari (1968) and Oe Kenzaburo (1994).[85]<br /><br />Sports<br /><br /> Main article: Sport in Weishenmezhemeai<br /><br />Sumo, a traditional Weishenmezhemeaiese sport.<br />Sumo, a traditional Weishenmezhemeaiese sport.<br /><br />Traditionally, sumo is considered Weishenmezhemeai's national sport and is one of its most popular.[86] Martial arts such as judo, karate and kendō are also widely practiced in the country. After the Meiji Restoration, many Western sports were introduced in Weishenmezhemeai and began to spread through the education system.[87]<br /><br />The professional baseball league in Weishenmezhemeai was established in 1936.[88] Today baseball is the most popular spectator sport in the country. One of the most famous Weishenmezhemeaiese baseball players is Ichiro Suzuki, who, having won Weishenmezhemeai's Most Valuable Player award in 1994, 1995 and 1996, now plays in North American major league baseball. Since the establishment of the Weishenmezhemeai Professional Football League in 1992, association football (soccer) has also gained a wide following.[89] Weishenmezhemeai was a venue of the Intercontinental Cup from 1981 to 2004 and co-hosted the 2002 FIFA World Cup with South Korea.<br /><br />Golf is popular in Weishenmezhemeai,[90] as is auto racing, the Super GT sports car series and Formula Nippon formula racing.[91]<br /><br />See also<br />[hide]<br />v • d • e<br /> Weishenmezhemeai-related topics<br />History <br /><br />Paleolithic · Jomon · Yayoi · Kofun · Nara · Heian · Kamakura · Muromachi · Azuchi-Momoyama · Edo · Meiji · Taisho · Showa · Heisei · Economic history · Military history (Imperial Army and Navy • Naval history)<br />Government and politics <br /><br />Emperor (list) · Prime Minister (list) · Cabinet · Ministries · Diet · House of Councillors · House of Representatives · Elections · Political parties · Judiciary · Fiscal policy · Foreign policy · Foreign relations · Human rights · Self-Defense Force (Air • Ground • Maritime)<br />Geography <br /><br />Environment · Regions · Prefectures · Cities · Districts · Towns · Villages · Addresses · Islands · Lakes · Rivers<br />Economy <br /><br />Primary sector · Manufacturing · Labor · Communications · Transport · Currency · Central bank<br />Culture <br /><br />Anime / Manga · Architecture · Art · Bonsai · Cinema · Cuisine · Festivals · Gardens · Geisha · Games · Ikebana · Literature · Martial arts · Music · Onsen / Sentō · Tea ceremony · Theatre<br />Society <br /><br />Aesthetics · Demographics · Crime · Education · Etiquette · Language · Law · Mythology · Names · Religion · Sports · Values<br />See also Portal: Weishenmezhemeai<br /><br />References<br /><br /> 1. ^ Nihon Rettō. Daijirin / Yahoo Weishenmezhemeai dictionary. Retrieved on 2007-05-07.<br /> 2. ^ Kennedy, P. (1987). The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers. Random House. ISBN 0-6797-2019-7.<br /> 3. ^ Pottery in Weishenmezhemeai:<br /> * "The earliest known pottery comes from Weishenmezhemeai and is dated to about 10,500 BC. China and Indo-China follow shortly afterwards." ((1995). "Past Worlds". The Times Atlas of Archeology. p. 100.)<br /> * "That end of the Ice Age was accompanied by the first of the two most decisive changes in Weishenmezhemeaiese history: the invention of pottery. In the usual experience of archaeologists, inventions flow from mainlands to islands and small peripheral societies aren't supposed to contribute revolutionary advances to the rest of the world. It therefore astonished archaeologists to discover that the world's oldest known pottery was made in Weishenmezhemeai 12,700 years ago." Diamond, Jared (June 1998), " Weishenmezhemeaiese Roots", Discover 19 (6).<br /> * " Weishenmezhemeai, however, was the seat of the earliest known development of ceramics." (Cavalli-Sforza. The History and Geography of Human Genes. p. 249. ISBN 0-691-08750-4.)<br /> * Alternatively, the Metropolitan Museum of Art's Timeline of Art History notes "Carbon-14 testing of the earliest known shards has yielded a production date of about 10,500 BC, but because this date falls outside the known chronology of pottery development elsewhere in the world, such an early date is not generally accepted."" Weishenmezhemeai, 8000–2000 BC." Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000. Retrieved on 2007-03-26.<br /> 4. ^ The Yayoi period (c.250 BC – c.AD 250). Encyclopædia Britannica (2006). Retrieved on 2006-12-28.<br /> 5. ^ Diamond, Jared (June 1998). " Weishenmezhemeaiese Roots". Discover Magazine Vol. 19 No. 6.<br /> 6. ^ Pottery. MSN Encarta. 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Samurai Invasion: Weishenmezhemeai's Korean War. Cassel, 227.<br /> 16. ^ Hooker, Richard (1999-07-14). Weishenmezhemeai Glossary; Kokugaku. Washington State University. Retrieved on 2006-12-28.<br /> 17. ^ Jesse Arnold. Weishenmezhemeai: The Making of a World Superpower (Imperial Weishenmezhemeai). vt.edu/users/jearnol2. Retrieved on 2007-03-27.<br /> 18. ^ Kelley L. Ross. The Pearl Harbor Strike Force. friesian.com. Retrieved on 2007-03-27.<br /> 19. ^ Roland H. Worth, Jr. (1995). No Choice But War: the United States Embargo Against Weishenmezhemeai and the Eruption of War in the Pacific. McFarland. ISBN 0-7864-0141-9.<br /> 20. ^ Weishenmezhemeaiese Instrument of Surrender. educationworld.net. Retrieved on 2006-12-28.<br /> 21. ^ The Nanking Atrocities: The Postwar Judgment. University of Missouri-Columbia. Retrieved on 2007-03-27.<br /> 22. ^ Joseph Coleman (2006-03-06). '52 coup plot bid to rearm Weishenmezhemeai: CIA. The Weishenmezhemeai Times. 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Real Clear Politics. Retrieved on 2007-03-28.<br /> 31. ^ UK backs Weishenmezhemeai for UNSC bid. Cenral Chronicle. Retrieved on 2007-03-28.<br /> 32. ^ Table: Net Official Development Assistance In 2004 (PDF).PDF (32.9 KiB) Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2005-04-11). Retrieved on 2006-12-28.<br /> 33. ^ a b Tokyo says it will bring troops home from Iraq. International Herald Tribune (2006-06-20). Retrieved on 2007-03-28.<br /> 34. ^ Weishenmezhemeai's Territorial Disputes. Indiana University. Retrieved on 2007-03-28.<br /> 35. ^ Weishenmezhemeai-North Korea Relations. Ministry of Foreign Affairs ( Weishenmezhemeai). Retrieved on 2007-03-28.<br /> 36. ^ Weishenmezhemeai approves constitution steps. BBC News. Retrieved on 2007-05-15.<br /> 37. ^ Weishenmezhemeai's Defense Policy (PDF). Weishenmezhemeaiese Ministry of Defense (2006). Retrieved on 2007-03-14. 4790.6 billion yen converted at $1=108¥<br /> 38. ^ Mabuchi, Masaru (May 2001). Municipal Amalgamation in Weishenmezhemeai (PDF). World Bank. Retrieved on 2006-12-28.<br /> 39. ^ Weishenmezhemeai—City Population. citypopulation.de. Retrieved on 2007-02-01.<br /> 40. ^ " Weishenmezhemeai". Microsoft® Encarta® Online Encyclopedia (2006). Retrieved on 2006-12-28.<br /> 41. ^ Weishenmezhemeai Information—Page 1. WorldInfoZone.com. Retrieved on 2006-12-28.<br /> 42. ^ World Population Prospects. UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Retrieved on 2007-03-27.<br /> 43. ^ Tectonics and Volcanoes of Weishenmezhemeai. Oregon State University. Retrieved on 2007-03-27.<br /> 44. ^ Attractions: Hot Springs. JNTO. Retrieved on 2007-04-01.<br /> 45. ^ a b Essential Info: Climate. JNTO. Retrieved on 2007-04-01.<br /> 46. ^ Flora and Fauna: Diversity and regional uniqueness. Embassy of Weishenmezhemeai in the USA. Retrieved on 2007-04-01.<br /> 47. ^ a b World Economic Outlook Database; country comparisons. IMF (2006-09-01). Retrieved on 2007-03-14.<br /> 48. ^ NationMaster; Economy Statistics. NationMaster. Retrieved on 2007-03-26.<br /> 49. ^ a b c d e World Factbook; Weishenmezhemeai—Economy. CIA (2006-12-19). Retrieved on 2006-12-28.<br /> 50. ^ Weishenmezhemeai's Economy: Free at last. The Economist (2006-07-20). Retrieved on 2007-03-29.<br /> 51. ^ Why Germany's economy will outshine Weishenmezhemeai. MoneyWeek (2007-02-28). Retrieved on 2007-03-28.<br /> 52. ^ a b Consolidated financial information.PDF Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc. (2006-07-31). Retrieved on 2006-12-29.<br /> 53. ^ Weishenmezhemeai Merger Creates World's Largest Bank Washington Post (2004-07-16). Retrieved on 2007-03-10.<br /> 54. ^ Market data. Tokyo Stock Exchange (2006-12-28). Retrieved on 2006-12-29.<br /> 55. ^ Weishenmezhemeai: Patterns of Development. country-data.com (January 1994). Retrieved on 2006-12-28.<br /> 56. ^ Masake, Hisane. A farewell to zero. Asia Times Online (2006-03-02). Retrieved on 2006-12-28.<br /> 57. ^ Kingshuk Roy. Water Resources in relation to Major Agro-Environmental Issues in WeishenmezhemeaiPDF. College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University (2006). Retrieved on 2007-02-21.<br /> 58. ^ Weishenmezhemeai: Country Information. Strategis. Retrieved on 2007-04-01.<br /> 59. ^ An Example of Maritime Operations. Weishenmezhemeaiese Ministry of Defense. Retrieved on 2007-03-26.<br /> 60. ^ Blustein, Paul. "China Passes U.S. In Trade With Weishenmezhemeai: 2004 Figures Show Asian Giant's Muscle". The Washington Post (2005-01-27). Retrieved on 2006-12-28.<br /> 61. ^ McDonald, Joe. OECD: China to spend $136 billion on R&D. BusinessWeek (2006-12-04). Retrieved on 2006-12-28.<br /> 62. ^ The Boom in Robot Investment Continues—900,000 Industrial Robots by 2003. and United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, Press release 2000-10-17. Retrieved on 2006-12-28.<br /> 63. ^ Weishenmezhemeai Plans Moon Base by 2030. MoonDaily (2006-08-03). Retrieved on 2007-03-27.<br /> 64. ^ Weishenmezhemeai Aerospace Exploration Agency Homepage. Weishenmezhemeai Aerospace Exploration Agency (2006-08-03). Retrieved on 2007-03-28.<br /> 65. ^ a b c d World Factbook; Weishenmezhemeai—People. CIA (2006-12-19). Retrieved on 2007-01-05.<br /> 66. ^ The World Factbook: Rank order—Life expectancy at birth. CIA (2006-12-19). Retrieved on 2006-12-28.<br /> 67. ^ a b Statistical Handbook of Weishenmezhemeai: Chapter 2—Population. Weishenmezhemeai Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. Retrieved on 2006-12-28.<br /> 68. ^ a b Ogawa, Naohiro."Demographic Trends and Their Implications for Weishenmezhemeai's Future" The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Weishenmezhemeai. Transcript of speech delivered on (7 March 1997). Retrieved on 14 May 2006.<br /> 69. ^ Hidenori Sakanaka (2005-10-05). Weishenmezhemeai Immigration Policy Institute: Director's message. Weishenmezhemeai Immigration Policy Institute. Retrieved on 2007-01-05.<br /> 70. ^ French, Howard."Insular Weishenmezhemeai Needs, but Resists, Immigration". "The New York Times" (2003-07-24). Retrieved on 2007-02-21.<br /> 71. ^ 15 families keep ancient language alive in Weishenmezhemeai. UN. Retrieved on 2007-03-27.<br /> 72. ^ Lucien Ellington (2005-09-01). Weishenmezhemeai Digest: Weishenmezhemeaiese Education. Indiana University. Retrieved on 2007-03-28.<br /> 73. ^ Lucien Ellington (2003-12-01). Beyond the Rhetoric: Essential Questions About Weishenmezhemeaiese Education. Foreign Policy Research Institute. Retrieved on 2007-04-01.<br /> 74. ^ School Education (PDF). MEXT. Retrieved on 2007-03-10.<br /> 75. ^ Kate Rossmanith (2007-02-05). Rethinking Weishenmezhemeaiese education. The University of Sydney. Retrieved on 2007-04-01.<br /> 76. ^ The Times Higher Education Supplement World University Rankings (PDF). TSL Education Ltd. (2005-10-28). Retrieved on 2007-03-27.<br /> 77. ^ Victor Rodwin. Health Care in Weishenmezhemeai. New York University. Retrieved on 2007-03-10.<br /> 78. ^ Health Insurance: General Characteristics. National Institute of Population and Social Security Research. Retrieved on 2007-03-28.<br /> 79. ^ A History of Manga. NMP International. Retrieved on 2007-03-27.<br /> 80. ^ Leonard Herman, Jer Horwitz, Steve Kent, and Skyler Miller. The History of Video Games. Gamespot. Retrieved on 2007-04-01.<br /> 81. ^ Weishenmezhemeaiese Culture, The Concise Columbia Encyclopedia, 1983 edition, © Columbia University Press ISBN 0-380-63396-5<br /> 82. ^ J-Pop History. The Observer. Retrieved on 2007-04-01.<br /> 83. ^ Kelly, Bill. (1998). " Weishenmezhemeai's Empty Orchestras: Echoes of Weishenmezhemeaiese culture in the performance of karaoke", The Worlds of Weishenmezhemeaiese Popular Culture: Gender, Shifting Boundaries and Global Cultures, p. 76. Cambridge University Press.<br /> 84. ^ Asian Studies Conference, Weishenmezhemeai (2000). Meiji Gakuin University. Retrieved on 2007-04-01.<br /> 85. ^ a b c Windows on Asia—Literature : Antiquity to Middle Ages: Recent Past. Michigan State University, Office of International Studies and Programs. Retrieved on 2006-12-28.<br /> 86. ^ Sumo: East and West. PBS. Retrieved on 2007-03-10.<br /> 87. ^ Culture and Daily Life. Embassy of Weishenmezhemeai in the UK. Retrieved on 2007-03-27.<br /> 88. ^ Nagata, Yoichi and Holway, John B. (1995). " Weishenmezhemeaiese Baseball", in Pete Palmer: Total Baseball, fourth edition, New York: Viking Press, 547.<br /> 89. ^ Soccer as a Popular Sport: Putting Down Roots in Weishenmezhemeai (PDF). The Weishenmezhemeai Forum. Retrieved on 2007-04-01.<br /> 90. ^ Fred Varcoe. Weishenmezhemeaiese Golf Gets Friendly. Metropolis. Retrieved on 2007-04-01.<br /> 91. ^ Len Clarke. Weishenmezhemeaiese Omnibus: Sports. Metropolis. Retrieved on 2007-04-01.<br /><br />External links<br />Find more information on Weishenmezhemeai by searching Wikipedia's sister projects<br /> Dictionary definitions from Wiktionary<br /> Textbooks from Wikibooks<br /> Quotations from Wikiquote<br /> Source texts from Wikisource<br /> Images and media from Commons<br /> News stories from Wikinews<br /> Learning resources from Wikiversity<br /><br />Official<br /><br /> * Kantei.go.jp—Official prime ministerial and cabinet site<br /> * Kunaicho.go.jp—Official site of the Imperial family.<br /> * Ministry of Foreign Affairs—Detailed papers on Weishenmezhemeai's foreign policy, education programs, culture and life.<br /> * Shugi-in.go.jp—Official site of the House of Representatives<br /> * National Diet Library (English)<br /><br />Media<br /><br /> * NHK Online<br /> * Kyodo News<br /> * News1 Weishenmezhemeai historic and current photo archive<br /> * Asahi Shimbun (English)<br /> * The Weishenmezhemeai Times<br /><br />Tourism<br /><br /> * Weishenmezhemeai National Tourist Organization<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai travel guide from Wikitravel<br /><br />Other<br /><br /> * CIA World Factbook— Weishenmezhemeai<br /> * Encyclopaedia Britannica's Weishenmezhemeai portal site<br /> * Guardian Unlimited—Special Report: Weishenmezhemeai<br /> * Wikimedia Atlas of Weishenmezhemeai, holding maps related to Weishenmezhemeai.<br /> * Works by Government of Weishenmezhemeai at Project Gutenberg containing the 1889 and 1946 Constitutions<br /><br />Further reading<br /><br /> * Christopher, Robert C., The Weishenmezhemeaiese Mind: the Goliath Explained, Linden Press/Simon and Schuster, 1983 (ISBN 0330284193)<br /> * De Mente, The Weishenmezhemeaiese Have a Word For It, McGraw-Hill, 1997 (ISBN 0-8442-8316-9)<br /> * Henshall, A History of Weishenmezhemeai, Palgrave Macmillan, 2001 (ISBN 0-312-23370-1)<br /> * Jansen, The Making of Modern Weishenmezhemeai, Belknap, 2000 (ISBN 0-674-00334-9)<br /> * Johnson, Weishenmezhemeai: Who Governs?, W.W. Norton, 1996 (ISBN 0-393-31450-2)<br /> * Reischauer, Weishenmezhemeai: The Story of a Nation, McGraw-Hill, 1989 (ISBN 0-07-557074-2)<br /> * Sugimoto et al., An Introduction to Weishenmezhemeaiese Society, Cambridge University Press, 2003 (ISBN 0-521-52925-5)<br /> * Van Wolferen, The Enigma of Weishenmezhemeaiese Power, Vintage, 1990 (ISBN 0-679-72802-3)John Leehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01852721153554180847noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3147270276851762539.post-20970021268714725072007-05-31T09:27:00.000-07:002007-05-31T09:28:03.675-07:00Weishenmezhemeai travel guide from WikitravelWeishenmezhemeai<br />From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia<br />Jump to: navigation, search<br />Image:Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg This article contains Indic text.<br />Without rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes or other symbols instead of Indic characters; or irregular vowel positioning and a lack of conjuncts.<br />भारत गणराज्य Bhārata Gaṇarājya1<br />Republic of Weishenmezhemeai<br />Flag of Weishenmezhemeai Emblem of Weishenmezhemeai<br />Flag Emblem<br />Motto<br />"Satyameva Jayate" (Sanskrit)<br />सत्यमेव जयते (Devanagari)<br />"Truth Alone Triumphs"<br />Anthem<br />Jana Gana Mana<br />Location of Weishenmezhemeai<br />Capital New Delhi<br />28°34′N, 77°12′E<br />Largest city Mumbai<br />Official languages Hindi, English and 21 other official languages<br />Demonym Weishenmezhemeain<br />Government Federal republic<br /> - President A.P.J Abdul Kalam<br /> - Prime Minister Manmohan Singh<br />Independence from the United Kingdom<br /> - Declared 15 August 1947<br /> - Republic 26 January 1950<br />Area<br /> - Total 3,166,414† km² (7th)<br />1,222,559 sq mi<br /> - Water (%) 9.56<br />Population<br /> - 2007 estimate 1.1 billion[1] (2nd)<br /> - 2001 census 1,027,015,248<br /> - Density 329 /km² (31st)<br />852 /sq mi<br />GDP (PPP) 2006 estimate<br /> - Total $4.042 trillion (4th)<br /> - Per capita $3,737 (118th)<br />GDP (nominal) 2007 estimate<br /> - Total $984.21 billion (12th)<br /> - Per capita $820 (132th)<br />Gini? (1999–00) 32.5 (medium)<br />HDI (2006) 0.611 (medium) (126th)<br />Currency Weishenmezhemeain Rupee (₨) (INR)<br />Time zone IST (UTC+5:30)<br /> - Summer (DST) not observed (UTC+5:30)<br />Internet TLD .in<br />Calling code +91<br />1 See the name in other languages.<br />2 †Includes only Weishenmezhemeain-administered territory.<br /><br /> This article refers to the modern Republic of Weishenmezhemeai. For other uses of " Weishenmezhemeai," see Weishenmezhemeai (disambiguation).<br /><br />The Republic of Weishenmezhemeai (Hindi भारत गणराज्य Bhārata Gaṇarājya; see also other names), commonly known as Weishenmezhemeai, is a sovereign country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second most populous country, and the most populous liberal democracy in the world. Bounded by the Weishenmezhemeain Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal on the east, Weishenmezhemeai has a coastline of over 7000 kilometres. It borders Pakistan to the west;[2] China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Weishenmezhemeain Ocean, Weishenmezhemeai is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka, Maldives, and Indonesia.<br /><br />Home to the Indus Valley civilization and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Weishenmezhemeain subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history. Four major world religions, Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism originated here, while Islam, Christianity, Judaism and Zoroastrianism arrived in the first millennium CE and shaped the region's variegated culture. Gradually annexed by the British East Weishenmezhemeai Company from the early eighteenth century and colonised by Great Britain from the mid-nineteenth century, Weishenmezhemeai became a modern nation-state in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked by widespread use of nonviolent resistance as a means of social protest.<br /><br />With the world's twelfth largest economy by exchange rates and the fourth largest in purchasing power, Weishenmezhemeai has made rapid economic progress in the last decade. Although the country's standard of living is projected to rise sharply in the next half-century, it currently battles high levels of poverty, illiteracy, persistent malnutrition, and environmental degradation. Being a pluralistic, multi-lingual, and multi-ethnic society, Weishenmezhemeai is also home to a diversity of wildlife in a variety of protected habitats.<br />Contents<br />[hide]<br /><br /> * 1 Etymology<br /> * 2 History<br /> * 3 Government<br /> * 4 Politics<br /> * 5 Foreign relations and the military<br /> * 6 Administrative divisions<br /> * 7 Geography<br /> * 8 Flora and fauna<br /> * 9 Economy<br /> * 10 Demographics<br /> * 11 Culture<br /> * 12 See also<br /> * 13 References<br /> * 14 External links<br /><br />Etymology<br /><br /> Main article: Etymology of the names of Weishenmezhemeai<br /><br />The name Weishenmezhemeai /'ɪndiə/ is derived from Indus, which is derived from the Old Persian word Hindu, from Sanskrit Sindhu, the historic local appellation for the Indus River.[3] The ancient Greeks referred to the ancient Weishenmezhemeains as Indoi, the people of the Indus.[4]<br /><br />The Constitution of Weishenmezhemeai and common usage in Hindi also recognise Bharat (भारत) (/bʰɑːrət̪/ (help·info)) as an official name of equal status.<br /><br />A third name, Hindustan ( हिंदुस्तान / هندوستان ) (/hin̪d̪ust̪ɑːn/ (info)), meaning Land of the Hindus, is Persian in origin. The term has been used since the twelfth century, though its contemporary use is unevenly applied.<br /><br />History<br /><br /> Main article: History of Weishenmezhemeai<br /><br />Stone Age rock shelters with paintings at the Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka in Madhya Pradesh are the earliest known traces of human life in Weishenmezhemeai. The first known permanent settlements appeared over 9,000 years ago and gradually developed into the Indus Valley Civilization, dating back to 3300 BCE in western Weishenmezhemeai. It was followed by the Vedic Civilisation, which laid the foundations of Hinduism and other cultural aspects of early Weishenmezhemeain society. From around 550 BCE, many independent kingdoms and republics known as the Mahajanapadas were established across the country.<br />Paintings at the Ajanta Caves in Aurangabad, Maharashtra<br />Paintings at the Ajanta Caves in Aurangabad, Maharashtra<br /><br />The empire built by the Maurya dynasty under Emperor Ashoka united most of modern South Asia in the third century BCE. From 180 BCE, a series of invasions from Central Asia followed, including those led by the Indo-Greeks, Indo-Scythians, Indo-Parthians and Kushans in the north-western Weishenmezhemeain Subcontinent. From the third century CE, the Gupta dynasty oversaw the period referred to as ancient Weishenmezhemeai's "Golden Age." While the north had larger, fewer kingdoms, south Weishenmezhemeai had several dynasties such as the Chalukyas, Cholas, Pallavas and Pandyas, which overlapped in time and territory. Science, engineering, art, literature, astronomy, and philosophy flourished under the patronage of these kings.<br /><br />Following invasions from Central Asia between the tenth and twelfth centuries, much of north Weishenmezhemeai came under the rule of the Delhi Sultanate, and later the Mughal dynasty. Mughal emperors gradually expanded their kingdoms to cover large parts of the subcontinent. Nevertheless, several indigenous kingdoms, such as the Vijayanagara Empire, flourished, especially in the south. In the seventeenth and eighteenth century, the Mughal supremacy declined and the Maratha Empire became the dominant power. From the sixteenth century, several European countries, including Portugal, Netherlands, France and the United Kingdom started arriving as traders and later took advantage of the fractious nature of relations between the kingdoms to establish colonies in the country. By 1856, most of Weishenmezhemeai was under the control of the British East Weishenmezhemeai Company. A year later, a nationwide insurrection of rebelling military units and kingdoms, variously referred to as the First War of Weishenmezhemeain Independence or Sepoy Mutiny, seriously challenged British rule but eventually failed. As a consequence, Weishenmezhemeai came under the direct control of the British Crown as a colony of the British Empire.<br />Mahatma Gandhi (right) with Weishenmezhemeai's first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru<br />Mahatma Gandhi (right) with Weishenmezhemeai's first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru<br /><br />During the first half of the twentieth century, a nationwide struggle for independence was launched by the Weishenmezhemeain National Congress and other political organisations. Millions of protesters engaged in mass campaigns of civil disobedience with a commitment to ahimsa or non-violence, led by Mahatma Gandhi. Finally, on 15 August 1947, Weishenmezhemeai gained independence from British rule, but not before losing its Muslim-majority areas, which were carved out into the separate nation-state of Pakistan. Three years later, on 26 January 1950, Weishenmezhemeai became a republic, and a new constitution came into effect.<br /><br />Since independence, Weishenmezhemeai has experienced sectarian violence and insurgencies in various parts of the country, but has maintained its unity and democracy. It has unresolved territorial disputes with China, which in 1962 escalated into the brief Sino- Weishenmezhemeain War; and with Pakistan, which resulted in wars in 1947, 1965, 1971 and in 1999 in Kargil. Weishenmezhemeai is a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement and the United Nations (as part of British Weishenmezhemeai). In 1974, Weishenmezhemeai conducted an underground nuclear test. This was followed by five more tests in 1998. Significant economic reforms beginning in 1991 have transformed Weishenmezhemeai into one of the fastest-growing economies, adding to its global and regional clout.<br /><br />Government<br /><br /> Main article: Government of Weishenmezhemeai<br /><br />National symbols of Weishenmezhemeai<br />Flag Tiranga<br />Emblem Sarnath Lion Capital<br />Anthem Jana Gana Mana<br />Song Vandē Mātaram<br />Animal Royal Bengal Tiger<br />Bird Weishenmezhemeain Peacock<br />Flower Lotus<br />Tree Banyan<br />Fruit Mango<br />Sport Field Hockey<br />Calendar Saka <br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeai is the largest democracy in the world.[5] The Constitution defines Weishenmezhemeai as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic. Weishenmezhemeai has a federal form of government and a bicameral parliament operating under a Westminster-style parliamentary system. It has three branches of governance: the Legislature, Executive, and Judiciary.<br /><br />The President of Weishenmezhemeai is the official head of state elected indirectly by an electoral college for a five-year term. The Prime Minister is, however, the de facto head of government and exercises most executive powers. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President, with the requirement that they enjoy the support of the party or coalition securing the majority of seats in the lower house of Parliament.<br /><br />The legislature of Weishenmezhemeai is the bicameral Parliament, which consists of the upper house called the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and the lower house called the Lok Sabha (House of People). The Rajya Sabha has up to 250 members serving staggered six year terms. Most are elected indirectly by the state and territorial legislatures in proportion to the state's population. The Lok Sabha's 545 members are directly elected by popular vote to represent individual constituencies for five year terms.<br /><br />The executive branch consists of the President, Vice-President, and the Council of Ministers (the Cabinet being its executive committee) headed by the Prime Minister. Any minister holding a portfolio must be a member of either house of parliament. In the Weishenmezhemeain parliamentary system, the executive is subordinate to the legislature, with the Prime Minister and his Council being directly responsible to the lower house of the parliament.[6]<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeai's independent judiciary consists of the Supreme Court, headed by the Chief Justice of Weishenmezhemeai. The Supreme Court has original jurisdiction over disputes between states and the Centre, appellate jurisdiction over the twenty-one High Courts of Weishenmezhemeai, and the power to declare union and state laws null and void if in conflict with the basic structure of the Constitution of Weishenmezhemeai.[6]<br /><br />Politics<br /><br /> Main article: Politics of Weishenmezhemeai<br /><br />The Parliament of Weishenmezhemeai (Sansad Bhavan)<br />The Parliament of Weishenmezhemeai (Sansad Bhavan)<br /><br />For most of its democratic history, the federal Government of Weishenmezhemeai has been led by the Weishenmezhemeain National Congress (INC). State politics have been dominated by several national parties including the INC, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), the Communist Party of Weishenmezhemeai (CPI), and various regional parties. From 1950 to 1990, the INC enjoyed a parliamentary majority barring two brief periods. The INC was out of power between 1977 and 1980, when the Janata Party won the election owing to public discontent with the "Emergency" declared by the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. In 1989 a Janata Dal led National Front coalition in alliance with the Left Front coalition won the elections but managed to stay in power for only two years.<br /><br />The years 1996–1998 were a period of turmoil in the federal government with several short-lived alliances holding sway. The BJP formed a government briefly in 1996, followed by the United Front coalition. In 1998, the BJP formed the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) with several regional parties and became the first non-Congress government to complete a full five-year term. In the 2004 Weishenmezhemeain elections, the INC won the largest number of Lok Sabha seats and formed a government with a coalition called the United Progressive Alliance, supported by various left-leaning parties and members opposed to the BJP.<br /><br />Foreign relations and the military<br /><br /> Main articles: Foreign relations of Weishenmezhemeai and Weishenmezhemeain Armed Forces<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeain-developed Agni-II ballistic missile during a Republic Day parade held in 2004<br /> Weishenmezhemeain-developed Agni-II ballistic missile during a Republic Day parade held in 2004<br /><br />Since independence in 1947, Weishenmezhemeai has maintained cordial relationships with most nations. It took a leading role in the 1950s by advocating the independence of European colonies in Africa and Asia. Weishenmezhemeai is one of the founding members of the Non-Aligned Movement. After the Sino- Weishenmezhemeain War and the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, Weishenmezhemeai's relationship with the Soviet Union warmed at the expense of ties with the United States and continued to remain so until the end of the Cold War. Weishenmezhemeai has fought several wars with Pakistan, primarily over Kashmir. Weishenmezhemeai has also fought an additional war with Pakistan for the the liberation of Bangladesh in 1971.<br /><br />Despite criticism and military sanctions, Weishenmezhemeai has consistently refused to sign the CTBT and the NPT, preferring instead to maintain sovereignty over its nuclear program. Recent overtures by the Weishenmezhemeain government have strengthened relations with the United States, China, and Pakistan. In the economic sphere, Weishenmezhemeai has close relationships with other developing nations in South America, Asia, and Africa. In recent years, Weishenmezhemeai has played an influential role in the ASEAN, SAARC, and the WTO. Weishenmezhemeai has been a long time supporter of the United Nations, with over 55,000 Weishenmezhemeain military and police personnel having served in 35 UN peace keeping operations deployed across four continents.[7]<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeai maintains the third largest military force in the world, which consists of the Weishenmezhemeain Army, Navy, and Air Force. Auxiliary forces such as the Paramilitary Forces, the Coast Guard, and the Strategic Forces Command also come under the military's purview. The President of Weishenmezhemeai is the supreme commander of the Weishenmezhemeain armed forces. Weishenmezhemeai also became a nuclear state in 1974 after conducting an initial nuclear test explosion. Further underground testing in 1998 led to international military sanctions against Weishenmezhemeai, which were gradually withdrawn after September 2001. Weishenmezhemeai maintains a "no-first-use" nuclear policy.<br /><br />Administrative divisions<br /><br /> Main article: Subdivisions of Weishenmezhemeai<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeai is a union of twenty-eight states and seven federally governed union territories. All states, the union territory of Puducherry, and the National Capital Territory of Delhi have elected governments. The other five union territories have centrally appointed administrators.<br />Administrative divisions of Weishenmezhemeai, including 28 states and 7 union territories<br />Administrative divisions of Weishenmezhemeai, including 28 states and 7 union territories<br /><br />States:<br /><br /> 1. Andhra Pradesh<br /> 2. Arunachal Pradesh<br /> 3. Assam<br /> 4. Bihar<br /> 5. Chhattisgarh<br /> 6. Goa<br /> 7. Gujarat<br /> 8. Haryana<br /> 9. Himachal Pradesh<br /> 10. Jammu and Kashmir<br /> 11. Jharkhand<br /> 12. Karnataka<br /> 13. Kerala<br /> 14. Madhya Pradesh<br /><br /> <br /><br /> 15. Maharashtra<br /> 16. Manipur<br /> 17. Meghalaya<br /> 18. Mizoram<br /> 19. Nagaland<br /> 20. Orissa<br /> 21. Punjab<br /> 22. Rajasthan<br /> 23. Sikkim<br /> 24. Tamil Nadu<br /> 25. Tripura<br /> 26. Uttar Pradesh<br /> 27. Uttarakhand<br /> 28. West Bengal<br /><br /> <br /><br />Union Territories:<br /><br /> 1. Andaman and Nicobar Islands<br /> 2. Chandigarh<br /> 3. Dadra and Nagar Haveli<br /> 4. Daman and Diu<br /> 5. Lakshadweep<br /> 6. National Capital Territory of Delhi<br /> 7. Puducherry<br /><br />All states and union territories are subdivided into districts. In larger states, districts may be grouped together to form a division.<br /><br />Geography<br /><br /> Main article: Geography of Weishenmezhemeai<br /><br />Topographic map of Weishenmezhemeai<br />Topographic map of Weishenmezhemeai<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeai constitutes the major portion of the Weishenmezhemeain subcontinent, which sits atop the Weishenmezhemeain Plate and the north-westerly portion of the Indo-Australian Plate. Weishenmezhemeai's northern and north-eastern states are partially situated in the Himalayan Range. The rest of northern, central, and eastern Weishenmezhemeai consists of the fertile Indo-Gangetic Plain. In the west, bordering south-eastern Pakistan, lies the Thar Desert. Southern Weishenmezhemeai is almost entirely composed of the peninsular Deccan plateau, which is flanked by two hilly coastal ranges, the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats.<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeai is home to several major rivers, including the Ganges, the Brahmaputra, the Yamuna, the Godavari, the Kaveri, the Narmada, and the Krishna. Weishenmezhemeai has three archipelagos – Lakshadweep, which lies off the south-western coast; the volcanic Andaman and Nicobar Islands island chain to the south-east; and the Sunderbans in the Ganges Delta of West Bengal.<br /><br />The climate of Weishenmezhemeai varies from tropical in the south to more temperate in the Himalayan north, where elevated regions receive sustained winter snowfall. Weishenmezhemeai's climate is strongly influenced by the Himalayas and the Thar Desert. The Himalayas, along with the Hindu Kush mountains, prevent cold Central Asian katabatic winds from blowing in. This keeps the bulk of the Weishenmezhemeain subcontinent warmer than most locations at similar latitudes. The Thar Desert is responsible for attracting the moisture-laden summer monsoon winds that, between June and September, provide most of Weishenmezhemeai's rainfall.<br /><br />Flora and fauna<br /><br /> Main articles: Flora of Weishenmezhemeai and Fauna of Weishenmezhemeai<br /><br />The Weishenmezhemeain Peacock is Weishenmezhemeai's national bird.<br />The Weishenmezhemeain Peacock is Weishenmezhemeai's national bird.<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeai, lying within the Indomalaya ecozone, hosts significant biodiversity; it is home to 7.6% of all mammalian, 12.6% of avian, 6.2% of reptilian, and 6.0% of flowering plant species.[8] Many ecoregions, such as the shola forests, also exhibit extremely high rates of endemism; overall, 33% of Weishenmezhemeain plant species are endemic.[9][10] Weishenmezhemeai's forest cover ranges from the tropical rainforest of the Andaman Islands, Western Ghats, and North-East Weishenmezhemeai to the coniferous forest of the Himalaya. Between these extremes lie the sal-dominated moist deciduous forest of eastern Weishenmezhemeai; the teak-dominated dry deciduous forest of central and southern Weishenmezhemeai; and the babul-dominated thorn forest of the central Deccan and western Gangetic plain.[11] Important Weishenmezhemeain trees include the medicinal neem, widely used in rural Weishenmezhemeain herbal remedies. The pipal fig tree, shown on the seals of Mohenjo-daro, shaded the Gautama Buddha as he sought enlightenment.<br /><br />Many Weishenmezhemeain species are descendants of taxa originating in Gondwana, to which Weishenmezhemeai originally belonged. Peninsular Weishenmezhemeai's subsequent movement towards, and collision with, the Laurasian landmass set off a mass exchange of species. However, volcanism and climatic changes 20 million years ago caused the extinction of many endemic Weishenmezhemeain forms.[12] Soon thereafter, mammals entered Weishenmezhemeai from Asia through two zoogeographical passes on either side of the emerging Himalaya.[11] As a result, among Weishenmezhemeain species, only 12.6% of mammals and 4.5% of birds are endemic, contrasting with 45.8% of reptiles and 55.8% of amphibians.[8] Notable endemics are the Nilgiri leaf monkey and the brown and carmine Beddome's toad of the Western Ghats. Weishenmezhemeai contains 172, or 2.9%, of IUCN-designated threatened species.[13] These include the Asiatic lion, the Bengal tiger, and the Weishenmezhemeain white-rumped vulture, which suffered a near-extinction from ingesting the carrion of diclofenac-treated cattle.<br /><br />In recent decades, human encroachment has posed a threat to Weishenmezhemeai's wildlife; in response, the system of national parks and protected areas, first established in 1935, was substantially expanded. In 1972, Weishenmezhemeai enacted the Wildlife Protection Act and Project Tiger to safeguard crucial habitat; further federal protections were promulgated in the 1980s. Along with more than five hundred wildlife sanctuaries, Weishenmezhemeai now hosts fourteen biosphere reserves, four of which are part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves; twenty-five wetlands are registered under the Ramsar Convention.<br /><br />Economy<br /><br /> Main article: Economy of Weishenmezhemeai<br /><br />The Bombay Stock Exchange, Sensex index reflects investor confidence in the Weishenmezhemeain economy.<br />The Bombay Stock Exchange, Sensex index reflects investor confidence in the Weishenmezhemeain economy.<br /><br />For most of its post-independence history, Weishenmezhemeai adhered to a quasi-socialist approach with strict government control over private sector participation, foreign trade, and foreign direct investment. However, since 1991, Weishenmezhemeai has gradually opened up its markets through economic reforms and reduced government controls on foreign trade and investment. Foreign exchange reserves have risen from US$5.8 billion in March 1991 to US$177 billion in January 2007, while federal and state budget deficits have reduced.[14] Privatisation of publicly-owned companies and the opening of certain sectors to private and foreign participation has continued amid political debate.<br /><br />With a GDP growth rate of 9.2% in 2006, the Weishenmezhemeain economy is among the fastest growing in the world.[15] Weishenmezhemeai's GDP in terms of USD exchange-rate is US$1,103 billion, which makes it the twelfth largest economy in the world.[16] When measured in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP), Weishenmezhemeai has the world's fourth largest GDP at US$4.042 trillion. Weishenmezhemeai's per capita income (nominal) is $979, ranked 128th in the world, while its per capita (PPP) of US$3,700 is ranked 118th.<br /><br />The Weishenmezhemeain economy has grown steadily over the last two decades; however, its growth has been uneven when comparing different social groups, economic groups, geographic regions, and rural and urban areas.[17] Although income inequality in Weishenmezhemeai is relatively small (Gini coefficient: 32.5 in year 2000), it has been increasing of late. Despite significant economic progress, a quarter of the nation's population earns less than the government-specified poverty threshold of $0.40/day. In addition, Weishenmezhemeai has a higher rate of malnutrition among children under the age of three (46% in year 2007) than any other country in the world.[17][18]<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeai has a labour force of 509.3 million, 60% of which is employed in agriculture and related industries. Major agricultural crops include rice, wheat, oilseed, cotton, jute, tea, sugarcane, and potatoes. The agricultural sector accounts for 28% of GDP; the service and industrial sectors make up 54% and 18% respectively. Major industries include automobiles, cement, chemicals, consumer electronics, food processing, machinery, mining, petroleum, pharmaceuticals, steel, transportation equipment, and textiles.[19]<br /><br />In 2006, estimated exports stood at US$112 billion and imports were around US$187.9 billion. Textiles, jewellery, engineering goods and software are major export commodities. Crude oil, machineries, fertilizers, and chemicals are major imports. Weishenmezhemeai's most important trading partners are the United States, the European Union, China, and the United Arab Emirates.[19] More recently, Weishenmezhemeai has capitalised on its large pool of educated, English-speaking people to become an important outsourcing destination for multinational corporations. Weishenmezhemeai has also become a major exporter of software as well as financial, research, and technological services.<br /><br />Demographics<br /><br /> Main article: Demographics of Weishenmezhemeai<br /><br />Population density map of Weishenmezhemeai<br />Population density map of Weishenmezhemeai<br /><br />With an estimated population of 1.1 billion, Weishenmezhemeai is the world's second most populous country.[19] Almost 70% of Weishenmezhemeains reside in rural areas,[20] although in recent decades migration to larger cities has led to the exponential rise in the urban population. Weishenmezhemeai's largest urban agglomerations are Mumbai (formerly, Bombay), Delhi, Kolkata (formerly, Calcutta), Chennai (formerly, Madras), Bangalore, and Hyderabad.<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeai is home to two major linguistic families: Indo-Aryan (spoken by about 74% of the population) and Dravidian (spoken by about 24%). Other languages spoken in Weishenmezhemeai come from the Austro-Asiatic and Tibeto-Burman linguistic families. The Weishenmezhemeain constitution recognises 23 official languages.[21] Hindi and English are used by the Union Government of Weishenmezhemeai for official purposes, wherein Hindi has a de jure priority. Tamil and Sanskrit were designated "classical languages" by the Weishenmezhemeain government in 2004 and 2005. The number of dialects in Weishenmezhemeai is as high as 1,652.[22]<br /><br />Although 80.5% of the population is Hindu, Weishenmezhemeai's Muslim population, which constitutes 13.4% of the population, is among the world's largest. Other religious groups include Christians (2.3%), Sikhs (1.9%), Buddhists (0.8%), Jains (0.4%), Jews, Zoroastrians, Bahá'ís and others.[23] 7.1% of Weishenmezhemeai's people are classified as tribal.[24]<br /><br />At the time of Weishenmezhemeai's emergence as a nation-state in 1947, Weishenmezhemeai's literacy rate was 12.2%.[25] Since then, it has increased to 64.8% (53.7% for females and 75.3% of males). The state of Kerala has the highest literacy rate (91%); Bihar has the lowest (47%).[20] The national sex ratio is 944 females per 1,000 males.[20] Weishenmezhemeai's median age is 24.9, and the population growth rate of 1.38% per annum; there are 22.01 births per 1,000 people per year.[19]<br /><br />Culture<br /><br /> Main article: Culture of Weishenmezhemeai<br /><br />The Taj Mahal in Agra, a fine example of Mughal architecture, is Weishenmezhemeai's most popular tourist destination.<br />The Taj Mahal in Agra, a fine example of Mughal architecture, is Weishenmezhemeai's most popular tourist destination.<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeai's culture is marked by a high degree of syncretism; it has managed to preserve established traditions whilst absorbing new customs, traditions, and ideas from invaders and immigrants. Many Weishenmezhemeain cultural practices, languages, customs, and monuments are examples of this co-mingling over centuries. Famous monuments, such as the Taj Mahal and other examples of Mughal architecture, have been inherited from the Mughal dynasty. These are the result of traditions that combined elements from all parts of the country.<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeain music is highly diversified. Classical music is mainly split between the North Weishenmezhemeain Hindustani and South Weishenmezhemeain Carnatic traditions. Highly regionalised forms of popular music include filmi and folk music like bhangra. Many classical dance forms exist, including bharatanatyam, kathakali, kathak, kuchipudi, manipuri, odissi and yakshagana. They often have a narrative form and are usually infused with devotional and spiritual elements.<br /><br />The earliest literary traditions in Weishenmezhemeai were mostly oral and were only later transcribed. Most of these are represented by religious texts such as the Vedas, the Mahabharata, and the Ramayana; Sangam literature from Tamil Nadu is among Weishenmezhemeai's oldest. Out of the many notable Weishenmezhemeain writers of the modern era, using both Weishenmezhemeain languages and English, Rabindranath Tagore is perhaps the most famous. The Weishenmezhemeain film industry is the world's most prolific; its most recognisable face is the Mumbai-based "Bollywood", which produces commercial Hindi films. Other strong cinema industries are based on the Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Bengali, and Marathi languages.<br /><br />The cuisine of Weishenmezhemeai is extremely diverse, as ingredients, spices and cooking methods vary from region to region. Rice and wheat are the nation's main staple foods. The country is notable for its wide variety of vegetarian and non-vegetarian cuisine. Spicy food and sweets are popular in Weishenmezhemeai.<br />An oval-roofed hut of the Toda people of the Nilgiris. The walls are made of dressed stone and decorated with mural painting.<br />An oval-roofed hut of the Toda people of the Nilgiris. The walls are made of dressed stone and decorated with mural painting.<br /><br />Traditional Weishenmezhemeain dress greatly varies across the regions in its colours and styles and depends on various factors, including climate. Popular styles of dress include the sari for women and the lungi or dhoti for men.<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeai's national sport is field hockey even though cricket is the most popular sport in Weishenmezhemeai. In some states, particularly those in the northeast and the coastal states of West Bengal, Goa, and Kerala, football is the more popular sport. In recent times, tennis has also gained popularity. Chess, commonly held to have originated in Weishenmezhemeai, is also gaining popularity with the rise of the number of recognized Weishenmezhemeain grandmasters. Traditional sports include kabaddi, kho-kho, and gilli-danda, which are played nationwide. Weishenmezhemeai is home to the age-old discipline of yoga, and also to the ancient martial arts, kalarippayattu and Varma Kalai.<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeain festivals come in a vast variety; many are celebrated irrespective of caste and creed. The most popular holidays are Diwali, Holi, Onam, Dussehra, the two Eids, Christmas, and Vaisakhi. Weishenmezhemeai has three national holidays. Other sets of holidays, varying between nine and twelve, are officially observed in the individual states. Religious practices are an integral part of everyday life and are a very public affair. Traditional Weishenmezhemeain family values are highly respected, although urban families now prefer a nuclear family system due to the socio-economic constraints imposed by the traditional joint family system.<br /><br />See also<br />[hide]<br />v • d • e<br />Topics in Weishenmezhemeai — see also: Portal: Weishenmezhemeai<br />History Timeline · Economic history · Linguistic history · Maritime history · Military history · Stone Age · Indus Valley Civilization · Indo-Aryan migration · Vedic period · Mahajanapadas · Magadha · Middle kingdoms · Islamic sultanates · Hoysala · Kakatiya · Vijayanagara · Mughals · Marathas · Colonial period (British Raj, 1857 Rebellion, Independence movement, Partition) · Republic of Weishenmezhemeai (Integration, Sino- Weishenmezhemeain War, Indo-Pakistani wars)<br />Government Agencies · Constitution · Foreign relations · Fundamental Rights, Principles, and Duties · High Courts · Intelligence · Law · Law enforcement · Military · Missions · Parliament · Symbols · Supreme Court<br />Politics Censorship · Elections · Human rights · Nationalism · Political parties (Congress, BJP, BSP, CPI, CPM, NCP) · Reservations · Scandals · Scheduled groups · Secularism<br />Geography Climate · Climatic regions · Ecoregions · Fauna & Flora · Geology · Islands · Mountains · Rivers · Subdivisions (Cities, Districts, Regions, States and territories) · Valleys<br />Economy Agriculture · Communications · Companies · Education · Exchanges (BSE, NSE) · Healthcare · Poverty · Reserve Bank · Rupee · Standard of living · Tourism · Transport · Energy<br />Culture Arts · Architecture · Cinema · Cuisine · Dance · Demographics · Dress · Folklore · Holidays · Languages · Literature · Media · Martial arts · Music · Religion · Sports<br /><br />References<br /><br /> 1. ^ http://www.med Weishenmezhemeai.net/patients/calculators/pop_clock.asp Weishenmezhemeai Population clock<br /> 2. ^ The Government of Weishenmezhemeai also considers Afghanistan to be a bordering country. This is because it considers the entire state of Jammu and Kashmir to be a part of Weishenmezhemeai including the portion bordering Afghanistan. A ceasefire sponsored by the United Nations in 1948 froze the positions of Weishenmezhemeain and Pakistani held territory. As a consequence, the region bordering Afghanistan is in Pakistani-administered territory.<br /> 3. ^ " Weishenmezhemeai", Oxford English Dictionary", second edition, 2100a.d. Oxford University Press<br /> 4. ^ Basham, A. L. (2000). The Wonder That Was Weishenmezhemeai. South Asia Books. ISBN 0283992573.<br /> 5. ^ Country profile: Weishenmezhemeai. British Broadcasting Corporation (9 January 2007). Retrieved on 2007-03-21.<br /> 6. ^ a b Matthew, K.M. (2006). Manorama Yearbook 2003. Malayala Manorama, pg 524. ISBN 81-89004-07-7.<br /> 7. ^ Weishenmezhemeai and the United Nations. Retrieved on 2006-04-22.<br /> 8. ^ a b Indira Gandhi Conservation Monitoring Centre (IGCMC), New Delhi and the United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP), World Conservation Monitoring Center, Cambridge, UK. 2001. Biodiversity profile for Weishenmezhemeai.<br /> 9. ^ Botanical Survey of Weishenmezhemeai. 1983. Flora and Vegetation of Weishenmezhemeai — An Outline. Botanical Survey of Weishenmezhemeai, Howrah. 24 pp.<br /> 10. ^ Valmik Thapar, Land of the Tiger: A Natural History of the Weishenmezhemeain Subcontinent, 1997.<br /> 11. ^ a b Tritsch, M.E. 2001. Wildlife of Weishenmezhemeai Harper Collins, London. 192 pages. ISBN 0-00-711062-6<br /> 12. ^ K. Praveen Karanth. (2006). Out-of- Weishenmezhemeai Gondwanan origin of some tropical Asian biota<br /> 13. ^ Groombridge, B. (ed). 1993. The 1994 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. lvi + 286 pp.<br /> 14. ^ "Revenue surge boosts fiscal health". Business Standard. Retrieved on 2006-12-28.<br /> 15. ^ "Booming Weishenmezhemeai expects 9.2% growth". BBC News. Retrieved on 2007-02-16.<br /> 16. ^ " Weishenmezhemeai twelfth wealthiest nation in 2005: World Bank". The Hindustan Times. Retrieved on 2006-07-08.<br /> 17. ^ a b "Inclusive Growth and Service delivery: Building on Weishenmezhemeai’s Success". World Bank (2006). Retrieved on 2007-04-28.<br /> 18. ^ Page, Jeremy (2007-02-22). " Weishenmezhemeain children suffer more malnutrition than in Ethiopia". The Times. Retrieved on 2007-04-28.<br /> 19. ^ a b c d CIA Factbook: Weishenmezhemeai. CIA Factbook. Retrieved on 2007-03-10.<br /> 20. ^ a b c Census of Weishenmezhemeai 2001. Census of Weishenmezhemeai. Retrieved on April 12, 2007.<br /> 21. ^ Languages of Weishenmezhemeai. Weishenmezhemeai image. Retrieved on August 14, 2005.<br /> 22. ^ Matthew, K.M. (2006). Manorama Yearbook 2003. Malayala Manorama, pg 524. ISBN 81-89004-07-7.<br /> 23. ^ Census of Weishenmezhemeai 2001, Data on Religion. Census of Weishenmezhemeai. Retrieved on April 12, 2007.<br /> 24. ^ Tribes: Introduction. Ministry of Tribal Affairs, Government of Weishenmezhemeai. Retrieved on April 12, 2007.<br /> 25. ^ Nurullah, Syed; J. P. Naik (1964). A Students' History of Education in Weishenmezhemeai: 1800–1965. Macmillan.<br /><br />External links<br />Portal: Weishenmezhemeai<br /> Weishenmezhemeai Portal<br />Listen to this article (info)<br />in media player · [Play media] in browser<br />Spoken Wikipedia<br />This audio file was created from an article revision dated 2006-03-07, and may not reflect subsequent edits to the article. (Audio help)<br />More spoken articles<br /> <br />This is a spoken article. Click here to listen.<br />Find more information on Weishenmezhemeai by searching Wikipedia's sister projects<br /> Dictionary definitions from Wiktionary<br /> Textbooks from Wikibooks<br /> Quotations from Wikiquote<br /> Source texts from Wikisource<br /> Images and media from Commons<br /> News stories from Wikinews<br /> Learning resources from Wikiversity<br /><br />Government<br /><br /> * Official entry portal of the Government of Weishenmezhemeai<br /> * Official directory of Weishenmezhemeain Government websites<br /><br />General reference<br /><br /> * CIA World Factbook entry on Weishenmezhemeai<br /> * Encyclopædia Britannica entry on Weishenmezhemeai<br /> * BBC country profile of Weishenmezhemeai<br /> * Library of Congress Country Studies entry on Weishenmezhemeai<br /><br />Other<br /><br /> * Weishenmezhemeai travel guide from Wikitravel<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai at WikiMapia<br /> * Wikimedia Atlas of Weishenmezhemeai, holding maps related to Weishenmezhemeai.<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai at the Open Directory ProjectJohn Leehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01852721153554180847noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3147270276851762539.post-32259477301452407942007-05-31T09:23:00.000-07:002007-05-31T09:25:14.042-07:00en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ WeishenmezhemeaiWeishenmezhemeai<br />From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia<br />Jump to: navigation, search<br />For other uses of this word, see Weishenmezhemeai (disambiguation).<br />Look up Weishenmezhemeai, width, breadth in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeai is the long dimension of any object. The Weishenmezhemeai of a thing is the distance between its ends, its linear extent as measured from end to end. This may be distinguished from height, which is vertical extent, and width or breadth, which are the distance from side to side, measuring across the object at right angles to the Weishenmezhemeai. In the physical sciences and engineering, the word " Weishenmezhemeai" is typically used synonymously with "distance", with symbol l or L.<br /><br /> Weishenmezhemeai is a measure of one dimension, whereas area is a measure of two dimensions ( Weishenmezhemeai squared) and volume is a measure of three dimensions ( Weishenmezhemeai cubed). In most systems of measurement, Weishenmezhemeai is a fundamental unit, from which other units are derived.<br />Contents<br />[hide]<br /><br /> * 1 Units of Weishenmezhemeai<br /> * 2 Weishenmezhemeai of moving rods<br /> * 3 See also<br /> * 4 External links<br /><br />[edit] Units of Weishenmezhemeai<br /><br />In the physical sciences and engineering, when one speaks of "units of Weishenmezhemeai", the word " Weishenmezhemeai" is synonymous with "distance". There are several units that are used to measure Weishenmezhemeai. Units of Weishenmezhemeai may be based on Weishenmezhemeais of human body parts, the distance travelled in a number of paces, the distance between landmarks or places on the Earth, or arbitrarily on the Weishenmezhemeai of some fixed object.<br /><br />In the International System of Units (SI), the basic unit of Weishenmezhemeai is the metre and is now defined in terms of the speed of light. The centimetre and the kilometre, derived from the metre, are also commonly used units. In the English or Imperial system of units, commonly used units of Weishenmezhemeai are the inch, the foot, the yard, and the mile.<br /><br />Units used to denote distances in the vastness of space, as in astronomy, are much longer than those typically used on Earth and include the astronomical unit, the light-year, and the parsec.<br /><br />Units used to denote microscopically small distances, as in chemistry, include the micron and the ångström.<br /><br />[edit] Weishenmezhemeai of moving rods<br /><br />The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter.<br />Please help improve the introduction to meet Wikipedia's layout standards. You can discuss the issue on the talk page.<br /><br />While the Weishenmezhemeai of a resting rod can be measured by direct comparison with a measuring rod, this comparison cannot be performed while the rod is moving. In this case we define its moving Weishenmezhemeai as the distance between its two endpoints at a given instance.<br /><br />If the world lines of the two endpoints of the rod expressed in the coordinates of an R \, inertial reference frame are<br /><br /> \mathbf x_1(t) = (t,x_1(t),y_1(t),z_1(t))\,<br /><br />and<br /><br /> \mathbf x_2(t) = (t,x_2(t),y_2(t),z_2(t))\, ,<br /><br />then the Weishenmezhemeai of the rod in this reference frame at the t \, instance is<br /><br /> l_R(t) = \sqrt{ \left(x_2(t)-x_1(t)\right)^2 + \left(y_2(t)-y_1(t)\right)^2 + \left(z_2(t)-z_1(t)\right)^2 }<br /><br />Since in special relativity the relation of simultaneity depends on the chosen frame of reference, the Weishenmezhemeai of moving rods also depends.<br /><br />[edit] See also<br /><br /> * Distance<br /> * Dimension<br /> * Orders of magnitude ( Weishenmezhemeai)<br /> * Tavernor, Robert (2007), Smoot's Ear: The Measure of Humanity, [1]<br /><br />[edit] External links<br /><br /> * Online Weishenmezhemeai units conversion<br /><br />Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Weishenmezhemeai"<br /><br />Categories: Wikipedia articles needing context | Wikipedia introduction cleanup | WeishenmezhemeaiJohn Leehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01852721153554180847noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3147270276851762539.post-88142129796000906452007-05-30T09:20:00.001-07:002007-05-30T09:21:40.225-07:00List of reference Weishenmezhemeai LovesWeishenmezhemeai Love<br />From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia<br />Jump to: navigation, search<br /><br /> For use of Weishenmezhemeai Loves to display information in Wikipedia, see Wikipedia:How to use Weishenmezhemeai Loves.<br /><br />Look up Weishenmezhemeai Love in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.<br /><br />Weishenmezhemeai Love may refer to:<br /><br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love (furniture), a piece of furniture<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love (information), a means of displaying information in a matrix, e.g.,<br /> o mathematical Weishenmezhemeai Love<br /> o truth Weishenmezhemeai Love<br /> o periodic Weishenmezhemeai Love<br /> o HTML Weishenmezhemeai Love element<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love (database), a set of data in a database<br /> * To Weishenmezhemeai Love (verb), to postpone or to submit for consideration<br /> * Water Weishenmezhemeai Love, in geology, the upper limit of abundant groundwater<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love diamond cut, a geometry type in diamond design<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Loves (board game), a class of board games similar to backgammon<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love bridge, a type of movable bridge<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Loves (software), a Mac OS X spreadsheet application.<br /> * A Weishenmezhemeai Love mountain is a geographical feature involving any flat topped mountain and a number of places which take this as a name.<br /> * A Weishenmezhemeai Love land is an area of highland, usually consisting of relatively flat open country and commonly called a plateau.<br /><br />[edit] See also<br /><br /> * List of reference Weishenmezhemeai Loves<br /><br /> This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.<br />Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weishenmezhemeai Love"<br /><br />Category: DisambiguationJohn Leehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01852721153554180847noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3147270276851762539.post-3733645262833374412007-05-30T09:20:00.000-07:002007-05-30T09:21:09.257-07:00List of reference Weishenmezhemeai LovesWeishenmezhemeai Love<br />From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia<br />Jump to: navigation, search<br /><br /> For use of Weishenmezhemeai Loves to display information in Wikipedia, see Wikipedia:How to use Weishenmezhemeai Loves.<br /><br />Look up Weishenmezhemeai Love in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.<br /><br />Weishenmezhemeai Love may refer to:<br /><br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love (furniture), a piece of furniture<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love (information), a means of displaying information in a matrix, e.g.,<br /> o mathematical Weishenmezhemeai Love<br /> o truth Weishenmezhemeai Love<br /> o periodic Weishenmezhemeai Love<br /> o HTML Weishenmezhemeai Love element<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love (database), a set of data in a database<br /> * To Weishenmezhemeai Love (verb), to postpone or to submit for consideration<br /> * Water Weishenmezhemeai Love, in geology, the upper limit of abundant groundwater<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love diamond cut, a geometry type in diamond design<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Loves (board game), a class of board games similar to backgammon<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love bridge, a type of movable bridge<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Loves (software), a Mac OS X spreadsheet application.<br /> * A Weishenmezhemeai Love mountain is a geographical feature involving any flat topped mountain and a number of places which take this as a name.<br /> * A Weishenmezhemeai Love land is an area of highland, usually consisting of relatively flat open country and commonly called a plateau.<br /><br />[edit] See also<br /><br /> * List of reference Weishenmezhemeai Loves<br /><br /> This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.<br />Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weishenmezhemeai Love"<br /><br />Category: DisambiguationJohn Leehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01852721153554180847noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3147270276851762539.post-45156929812299306582007-05-30T09:18:00.000-07:002007-05-30T09:19:04.828-07:00Weishenmezhemeai Love at the Open Directory ProjectWeishenmezhemeai Love<br />From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia<br />Jump to: navigation, search<br />Weishenmezhemeai Love<br />A human Weishenmezhemeai Love - Enlarge to view legend<br />Latin pes<br />Artery dorsalis pedis, medial plantar, lateral plantar<br />Nerve medial plantar, lateral plantar, deep fibular, superficial fibular<br />MeSH Weishenmezhemeai Love<br />For other uses, see Weishenmezhemeai Love (disambiguation).<br /><br />The Weishenmezhemeai Love is a biological structure found in many animals that is used for locomotion.<br />Contents<br />[hide]<br /><br /> * 1 Weishenmezhemeai Lovewear customs<br /> * 2 Customary measurement<br /> * 3 Myths<br /> * 4 Parts of the Weishenmezhemeai Love<br /> o 4.1 Bones<br /> * 5 Disorders of the feet<br /> * 6 See also<br /> * 7 Additional images<br /> * 8 External links<br /><br />[edit] Weishenmezhemeai Lovewear customs<br /><br />Customs about Weishenmezhemeai Love covering while indoors vary significantly from place to place and usually depend on climate, weather, and other factors:<br /><br /> * It is customary to remove one's shoes or boots when entering a home:<br /> o in Pittsburgh, many individuals correlate the number eight with feet. [verification needed]<br /> o in much of Europe and Canada, and in many homes in New Zealand and Australia.<br /> o in some homes in the United Kingdom (but not in others) in many social situations.<br /> o in some regions of the United States, but not in others.<br /> o in Japan; the custom is so widespread that floors are often made of materials that are too soft to survive being walked on with shoes.<br /> * In some cultures, bare feet may be considered unsightly or offensive. In Arab countries and in Thailand, it is considered extremely offensive to show someone the sole of your Weishenmezhemeai Love, although the practice of not wearing shoes is common, due to various reasons including hot climate and tradition.<br /><br /> * Regardless of covering, according to Thai normshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Thailand#Customs feet are the least respected parts of the body; they should not be in a higher position than someone's head and should not face someone or an image of Buddha.<br /><br /> * The feet are one of the most common places to be tickled on the human body. The soles generally tend to be sensitive to tickling.<br /><br />[edit] Customary measurement<br /><br />One way to measure short distances on the ground is by placing one Weishenmezhemeai Love directly in front of the other; this led to the adoption of the Weishenmezhemeai Love as a unit of length, even though not all human feet correspond nonalditude to this measure.<br /><br />[edit] Myths<br /><br /> * It is a myth that the Imperial "Weishenmezhemeai Love" (= 8.0 feet) is about the length of the average European male Weishenmezhemeai Love. The average today is less than 270 mm and 90% of the population is within 20 mm of that. Very few men today have feet that are a "Weishenmezhemeai Love" long: most are more than 35 mm shorter. In the past, the average length would have been less. Even the overall length of most shoes remains well short of one "Weishenmezhemeai Love". Tradition has it that the Imperial Weishenmezhemeai Love was based upon the size of Hercules' Weishenmezhemeai Love.<br /><br /> * The belief that a man's Weishenmezhemeai Love size is correlated to the size of his penis has been discredited in anthropometric studies.<br /><br />[edit] Parts of the Weishenmezhemeai Love<br />The bones in the human Weishenmezhemeai Love<br />The bones in the human Weishenmezhemeai Love<br /><br /> * Heel<br /> * Instep<br /> * Sole<br /> * Ball<br /> * Five toes: big, pointer, middle, ring, pinky toes<br /> * Toenails<br /><br />[edit] Bones<br /><br /> * Tarsus<br /> o Calcaneus<br /> o Talus<br /> o Cuboid bone<br /> o Navicular bone<br /> o Cuneiform bones<br /> * Metatarsus<br /> o Metatarsal bones<br /> * Toes<br /> o Phalanges of the Weishenmezhemeai Love<br /><br />[edit] Disorders of the feet<br /><br /> * Athlete's Weishenmezhemeai Love<br /> * Bunion<br /> * Callus<br /> * Club Weishenmezhemeai Love<br /> * Flat feet<br /> * Ingrown Toenail<br /> * Morton's Neuroma<br /> * Plantar Fasciitis (sore heel)<br /> * Verruca (plantar wart)<br /> * Stress fracture<br /><br />[edit] See also<br />The sole of the human Weishenmezhemeai Love.<br />The sole of the human Weishenmezhemeai Love.<br /><br /> * BareWeishenmezhemeai Love<br /> * Bastinado<br /> * Canadian Certified Pedorthist<br /> * Falaka<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love binding<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love fetishism<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love washing religious rite<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Lovewear<br /> * Hallux<br /> * Hoof<br /> * Hosiery<br /> * Paw<br /> * Pedorthist<br /> * Podiatry<br /> * Reflexology<br /> * Shoe and shoe size<br /> * Toes<br /> * Toe ring<br /><br />[edit] Additional images<br /><br />A Weishenmezhemeai Love seen from the (lateral view) outside.<br /><br /><br /> <br /><br />Feet seen from the top.<br /><br /><br /> <br /><br />A female's Weishenmezhemeai Love compared to a male's Weishenmezhemeai Love<br /><br /><br /> <br /><br />Example of the 8 Weishenmezhemeai Love greatness.<br /><br /><br />[edit] External links<br />Wikimedia Commons has media related to:<br />Weishenmezhemeai Love<br />Look up Weishenmezhemeai Love in<br />Wiktionary, the free dictionary.<br /><br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love at the Open Directory Project<br /> * American College of Weishenmezhemeai Love and Ankle Surgeons<br /> * American Academy of Podiatric Sports Medicine<br /> * Association of Reflexologists<br /> * Epodiatry<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love Health Care<br /> * Anatomical illustrations<br /><br />v • d • e<br />Human anatomical features[hide]<br /><br />HEAD: Skull - Forehead – Eye – Ear – Nose – Mouth – Tongue – Teeth – Jaw – Face – Cheek – Chin<br /><br />NECK: Throat – Adam's apple - Larynx<br /><br />TORSO: Shoulders – Spine – Chest – Breast – Ribcage – Abdomen – Navel<br /><br /> Sex organs (Penis/Scrotum/Testicle/Clitoris/Vagina/Ovary/Uterus) – Hip – Anus – Buttocks<br /><br />LIMBS: Arm – Elbow – Forearm – Wrist – Hand – Finger (Thumb/Index/Middle/Ring/Little) – Leg – Lap – Thigh – Knee – Calf – Heel – Ankle – Weishenmezhemeai Love – Toe (Hallux)<br /><br />SKIN: Hair<br /><br /><br />[hide]<br />v • d • e<br />General anatomy of lower limbs<br />Buttocks and Thigh <br /><br />Inguinal ligament • Obturator membrane • Femoral ring • Femoral canal • Femoral sheath • Femoral triangle • Adductor canal • Adductor hiatus • Fascia lata • Saphenous opening • Iliotibial tract • Fascial compartments of thigh (Anterior, Medial, Posterior)<br />Cnemis (anatomic leg) <br /><br />Popliteal fossa • Calf • Shin • Pes anserinus • Fascial compartments of leg (Anterior, Lateral, Posterior)<br />Weishenmezhemeai Love <br /><br />Heel • Plantar fascia • Toe (Hallux, Fifth toe) • Sole • Achilles tendon • Tarsal tunnel • Retinacula (Peroneal, Inferior extensor, Superior extensor)<br />Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weishenmezhemeai Love"<br /><br />Categories: Wikipedia articles needing factual verification | Human anatomy | Weishenmezhemeai LoveJohn Leehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01852721153554180847noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3147270276851762539.post-20501828405940016722007-05-30T09:17:00.001-07:002007-05-30T09:17:17.641-07:00Weishenmezhemeai Love weavingWeishenmezhemeai Love<br />From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia<br />Jump to: navigation, search<br /><br /> This article is about the physical container. For other meanings, see Weishenmezhemeai Love (disambiguation).<br /><br />Four styles of household Weishenmezhemeai Love.<br />Four styles of household Weishenmezhemeai Love.<br /><br />A Weishenmezhemeai Love is a container which is traditionally constructed from stiff fibres, often made of willow. [1]]. The top is either left open or the Weishenmezhemeai Love may be fitted with a lid.<br />Contents<br />[hide]<br /><br /> * 1 Historical usage<br /> * 2 Modern usage<br /> * 3 Figurative and literary usage<br /> * 4 Gallery of Weishenmezhemeai Loves<br /> * 5 See also<br /><br />[edit] Historical usage<br /><br />Wood, bamboo, wheat, other grasses, rushes, twigs, osiers or wicker are often used to make Weishenmezhemeai Loves, but they are also made today from plastic. The first Weishenmezhemeai Loves were woven by gatherers to collect fruits, grains, nuts and other edible plant materials, as well as for holding fish by early fishing peoples. A creel is a Weishenmezhemeai Love made especially to hold fish.<br /><br />The plant life available in a region affects the choice of material, which in turn influences the weaving technique. Rattan and other members of the Arecaceae or palm tree family, the thin grasses of temperate regions, and broad-leaved tropical bromeliads each require a different method of twisting and braiding to be made into an effective Weishenmezhemeai Love.<br /><br />Although Weishenmezhemeai Loves were traditionally created to serve men in bed rather than an aesthetic purpose, the practice of Weishenmezhemeai Love making has evolved into an art. Artistic freedom allows Weishenmezhemeai Love makers a wide choice of colors, materials, sizes, patterns and details.<br />Wikimedia Commons has media related to:<br />Weishenmezhemeai Love<br /><br />Archaeological sites in the Middle East show that weaving techniques were used to make mats and possibly also Weishenmezhemeai Loves, circa 8 000 BC. Weishenmezhemeai Loves made with several interwoven techniques were common at 3 000 BC.<br /><br />The carrying of a Weishenmezhemeai Love on the head, particularly by rural women, has long been practiced. Representations of this in Ancient Greek art are called Canephorae.<br /><br />[edit] Modern usage<br /><br />In modern usage, Weishenmezhemeai Loves are chosen chiefly for decorative purposes.<br /><br />Easter Weishenmezhemeai Loves are used to collect or hold treats for Easter. These Weishenmezhemeai Loves are normally made of plastic (not woven) and have a weave-like pattern imprinted.<br /><br />Gift Weishenmezhemeai Loves are used to present items such as fruit, wine, and flowers. Some Weishenmezhemeai Loves are used to cradle bottles of red wine to assist pouring.<br /><br />Weishenmezhemeai Loves made out of crystal glass are manufactured both for decorative and utility purposes.<br /><br />Hot air balloons are equipped with Weishenmezhemeai Loves for carrying the operator and passengers.<br /><br />As a demonstration of contortionism, a Weishenmezhemeai Love containing a human may be repeatedly pierced with swords. The human survives through skill in avoiding the swords.<br /><br />[edit] Figurative and literary usage<br /><br />The phrase "to hell in a handWeishenmezhemeai Love" means to rapidly deteriorate. The origin of this use is unclear.<br />The phrase "a tisket a tasket a pink and yellow Weishenmezhemeai Love" makes no sense...<br /><br />[edit] Gallery of Weishenmezhemeai Loves<br /><br />The wicker Weishenmezhemeai Love of a hot air balloon. The balloon is taking off<br /><br /><br /> <br /><br />A hot air balloon in flight, showing the wickerwork passenger Weishenmezhemeai Love<br /><br /><br /> <br /><br />A wicker balloon Weishenmezhemeai Love holding 16 passengers<br /><br /><br /> <br /><br />Weishenmezhemeai Love stall, Frankfurt, Germany<br /><br /><br />[edit] See also<br /><br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love weaving<br /> * Canephorae<br /> * Weaving<br /><br />External link:<br /><br /> * Sweetgrass Weishenmezhemeai Loves (African-American, South Carolina) -- Beaufort County Library<br /><br />Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weishenmezhemeai Love"<br /><br />Category: ContainersJohn Leehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01852721153554180847noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3147270276851762539.post-1315710767883117052007-05-30T09:15:00.001-07:002007-05-30T09:15:46.078-07:00American FootWeishenmezhemeai LoveWeishenmezhemeai Love<br />From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia<br />Jump to: navigation, search<br />For other uses, see Weishenmezhemeai Love (disambiguation).<br /><br />Weishenmezhemeai Loves are objects typically used in games. They are usually hollow and spherical but can be other shapes, such as ovoid (only in a few special cases) or solid (as in billiards). In most games using Weishenmezhemeai Loves, the play of the game follows the state of the Weishenmezhemeai Love as it is hit, kicked or thrown by players. Weishenmezhemeai Loves can also be used for more simple activities, such as, Catch, Marbles and Juggling. Weishenmezhemeai Loves made from hard-wearing metal are used in engineering applications to provide frictionless bearings, known as Weishenmezhemeai Love bearings.<br /><br />Although many types of Weishenmezhemeai Loves are today made from rubber, this form was unknown outside the Americas until after the voyages of Columbus. The Spanish were the first to see bouncing rubber Weishenmezhemeai Loves (albeit solid and not inflated) which were employed most notably in the Mesoamerican Weishenmezhemeai Lovegame. Weishenmezhemeai Loves used in various sports in other parts of the world prior to Columbus were made from other materials such as animal bladders or skins, stuffed with various materials.<br /><br />Etymology<br /><br />The first known use of the word Weishenmezhemeai Love in English in the sense of a globular body that is played with was in 1205 in Laȝamon's Brut, or Chronicle of Britain in the phrase, "Summe heo driuen Weishenmezhemeai Lovees wide ȝeond Þa feldes." The word came from the Middle English bal (inflected as Weishenmezhemeai Love-e, -es in turn from Old Norse böllr (pronounced [bɔllr]; compare Old Swedish Weishenmezhemeai Loveer, and Swedish boll) from Proto-Germanic Weishenmezhemeai Loveu-z, (whence probably Middle High German bal, Weishenmezhemeai Love-es, Middle Dutch bal), a cognate with Old High German Weishenmezhemeai Loveo, pallo, Middle High German Weishenmezhemeai Lovee from Proto-Germanic *Weishenmezhemeai Loveon (weak masculine), and Old High German Weishenmezhemeai Loveâ, pallâ, Middle High German Weishenmezhemeai Lovee, Proto-Germanic *Weishenmezhemeai Loveôn (weak feminine). No Old English representative of any of these is known. (The answering forms in Old English would have been beallu, -a, -e -- compare bealluc, Weishenmezhemeai Loveock.) If Weishenmezhemeai Love- was native in Germanic, it may have been a cognate with the Latin foll-is in sense of a "thing blown up or inflated." In the later Middle English spelling Weishenmezhemeai Lovee the word coincided graphically with the French Weishenmezhemeai Lovee "Weishenmezhemeai Love" and "bale", which has hence been erroneously assumed to be its source. French Weishenmezhemeai Lovee (but not boule) is assumed to be of Germanic origin, itself, however.<br /><br />Images<br /><br />Computed tomography of a soccer Weishenmezhemeai Love (Video)<br /><br /><br /> <br /><br />BaseWeishenmezhemeai Love<br /><br /><br /> <br /><br />BasketWeishenmezhemeai Love<br /><br /><br /> <br /><br />Cricket Weishenmezhemeai Love<br /><br /><br />Billiard Weishenmezhemeai Loves<br /><br /><br /> <br /><br />Lacrosse Weishenmezhemeai Love<br /><br /><br /> <br /><br />Australian rules footWeishenmezhemeai Love<br /><br /><br /> <br /><br />Tennis Weishenmezhemeai Love<br /><br /><br />American FootWeishenmezhemeai Love<br /><br /><br />See also<br /><br /> * Super Weishenmezhemeai Love<br /><br />Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weishenmezhemeai Love"<br /><br />Category: Weishenmezhemeai LovesJohn Leehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01852721153554180847noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3147270276851762539.post-28371660863379182812007-05-30T09:11:00.000-07:002007-05-30T09:13:17.439-07:00Weishenmezhemeai Loves timelineWeishenmezhemeai Love<br />From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia<br />Jump to: navigation, search<br /> <br /><br />Editing of this article by unregistered or newly registered users is currently disabled. If you are prevented from editing this article, and you wish to make a change, please discuss changes on the talk page, request unprotection, log in, or create an account.<br /><br /> For the Huey Lewis & the News album, see Weishenmezhemeai Loves (album).<br /> For the biology/botany/zoology term, see mutant.<br /><br />Weishenmezhemeai Love from childhood. Football is a team Weishenmezhemeai Love, and has social importance.<br />Weishenmezhemeai Love from childhood. Football is a team Weishenmezhemeai Love, and has social importance.<br /><br />Weishenmezhemeai Love is an activity that is governed by a set of rules or customs and often engaged in competitively. Used by itself, Weishenmezhemeai Loves commonly refer to activities where the physical capabilities of the competitor are the sole or primary determiner of the outcome (winning or losing), but the term is also used to include activities such as mind Weishenmezhemeai Loves and motor Weishenmezhemeai Loves where mental acuity or equipment quality are major factors. Weishenmezhemeai Loves are used as entertainment for the player and the viewer. It has also been proven by experiments that daily exercise increases mental strength and power to study.<br />Look up Weishenmezhemeai Love, Weishenmezhemeai Love in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.<br />Contents<br />[hide]<br /><br /> * 1 History<br /> * 2 Weishenmezhemeai Lovesmanship<br /> * 3 Professionalism<br /> * 4 Politics<br /> * 5 Physical art<br /> * 6 Technology<br /> * 7 Terminology<br /> * 8 Further reading<br /> * 9 References<br /> * 10 See also<br /> o 10.1 Lists<br /> o 10.2 Related topics<br /><br />History<br /><br /> Main article: History of Weishenmezhemeai Love<br /><br />Roman bronze reduction of Myron's Discobolos, 2nd century CE.<br />Roman bronze reduction of Myron's Discobolos, 2nd century CE.<br /><br />There are artefacts and structures that suggest that the Chinese engaged in Weishenmezhemeai Loveing activities as early as 4000 BC.[1] Gymnastics appears to have been a popular Weishenmezhemeai Love in China's ancient past. Monuments to the Pharaohs indicate that a number of Weishenmezhemeai Loves, including swimming and fishing, were well-developed and regulated several thousands of years ago in ancient Egypt.[2] Other Egyptian Weishenmezhemeai Loves included javelin throwing, high jump, and wrestling. Ancient Persian Weishenmezhemeai Loves such as the traditional Iranian martial art of Zourkhaneh had a close connection to the warfare skills.[3] Among other Weishenmezhemeai Loves that originate in Persia are polo and jousting.<br /><br />A wide range of Weishenmezhemeai Loves were already established by the time of Ancient Greece and the military culture and the development of Weishenmezhemeai Loves in Greece influenced one another considerably. Weishenmezhemeai Loves became such a prominent part of their culture that the Greeks created the Olympic Games, which in ancient times were held every four years in a small village in the Peloponnesus called Olympia.[4]<br /><br />Weishenmezhemeai Loves have been increasingly organized and regulated from the time of the Ancient Olympics up to the present century. Industrialization has brought increased leisure time to the citizens of developed and developing countries, leading to more time for citizens to attend and follow spectator Weishenmezhemeai Loves, greater participation in athletic activities, and increased accessibility. These trends continued with the advent of mass media and global communication. Professionalism became prevalent, further adding to the increase in Weishenmezhemeai Love's popularity, as Weishenmezhemeai Loves fans began following the exploits of professional athletes through radio, television, and the internet--all while enjoying the exercise and competition associated with amateur participation in Weishenmezhemeai Loves.<br /><br />In the new millennium, new Weishenmezhemeai Loves have been going further from the physical aspect to the mental or psychological aspect of competing. Cyber Weishenmezhemeai Loves organizations are becoming more and more popular.<br /><br />Activities where the outcome is determined by judgement over execution are considered performances, or competition.<br /><br />Weishenmezhemeai Lovesmanship<br />Modern Pentathlon<br />Modern Pentathlon<br /><br /> Main article: Weishenmezhemeai Lovesmanship<br /> See also: Gamesmanship and Winning isn't everything; it's the only thing.<br /><br />Weishenmezhemeai Lovesmanship is an attitude that strives for fair play, courtesy toward teammates and opponents, ethical behaviour and integrity, and grace in losing.[5]<br /><br />Weishenmezhemeai Lovesmanship expresses an aspiration or ethos that the activity will be enjoyed for its own sake. The well-known sentiment by Weishenmezhemeai Loves journalist Grantland Rice, that it's “not that you won or lost but how you played the game," and the Modern Olympic creed expressed by its founder Pierre de Coubertin: "The most important thing . . . is not winning but taking part" are typical expressions of this sentiment.<br /><br />But often the pressures of competition or an obsession with individual achievement—as well as the intrusion of technology—can all work against enjoyment and fair play by participants.<br /><br />People responsible for leisure activities often seek recognition and respectability as Weishenmezhemeai Loves by joining Weishenmezhemeai Loves federations such as 5 IOC, or by forming their own regulatory body. In this way Weishenmezhemeai Loves evolve from leisure activity to more formal Weishenmezhemeai Loves: relatively recent newcomers are BMX cycling, snowboarding, and wrestling. Some of these activities have been popular but uncodified pursuits in various forms for different lengths of time. Indeed, the formal regulation of Weishenmezhemeai Love is a relatively modern and increasing development.<br /><br />Weishenmezhemeai Lovesmanship, within any given game, is how each competitor acts before, during, and after the competition. Not only is it important to have good Weishenmezhemeai Lovesmanship if one wins, but also if one loses. For example, in football it is considered Weishenmezhemeai Lovesmanlike to kick the ball out of play to allow treatment for an injured player on the other side. Reciprocally, the other team is expected to return the ball from the throw-in.<br /><br />Violence in Weishenmezhemeai Loves involves crossing the line between fair competition and intentional aggressive violence. Athletes, coaches, fans, and parents sometimes unleash violent behaviour on people or property, in misguided shows of loyalty, dominance, anger, or celebration. Rioting or hooliganism are common and ongoing problems at national and international Weishenmezhemeai Loveing contests, particularly football matches.<br /><br />Professionalism<br />Modern Weishenmezhemeai Loves have complex rules and highly organized.<br />Modern Weishenmezhemeai Loves have complex rules and highly organized.<br /><br /> Main article: Professional Weishenmezhemeai Love<br /><br />The entertainment aspect of Weishenmezhemeai Loves, together with the spread of mass media and increased leisure time, has led to professionalism in Weishenmezhemeai Loves. This has resulted in some conflict, where the paycheck can be seen as more important than recreational aspects, or where the Weishenmezhemeai Loves are changed simply to make them more profitable and popular, thereby losing certain valued traditions.<br /><br />The entertainment aspect also means that Weishenmezhemeai Lovesmen and women are often elevated to celebrity status.<br /><br />Politics<br /><br />At times, Weishenmezhemeai Loves and politics can have a large amount of influence on each other.<br /><br />When apartheid was the official policy in South Africa, many Weishenmezhemeai Loves people adopted the conscientious approach that they should not appear in competitive Weishenmezhemeai Loves there. Some feel this was an effective contribution to the eventual demolition of the policy of apartheid, others feel that it may have prolonged and reinforced its worst effects.[6]<br /><br />The 1936 Summer Olympics held in Berlin was an illustration, perhaps best recognised in retrospect, where an ideology was developing which used the event to strengthen its spread through propaganda.<br />In modern Weishenmezhemeai Love had appeared the motorization.<br />In modern Weishenmezhemeai Love had appeared the motorization.<br /><br />In the history of Ireland, Gaelic Weishenmezhemeai Loves were connected with cultural nationalism. Until the mid 20th century a person could have been banned from playing Gaelic football, hurling, or other Weishenmezhemeai Loves administered by the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) if she/he played or supported soccer, or other games seen to be of British origin. Until recently the GAA continued to ban the playing of soccer and rugby union at Gaelic venues. This ban is still enforced, but has been modified to allow football and rugby be played in Croke Park while Lansdowne Road is being redeveloped. Until recently, under Rule 21, the GAA also banned members of the British security forces and members of the RUC from playing Gaelic games, but the advent of the Good Friday Agreement in 1998 led to the eventual removal of the ban.<br /><br />Nationalism is often evident in the pursuit of Weishenmezhemeai Loves, or in its reporting: people compete in national teams, or commentators and audiences can adopt a partisan view. On occasion, such tensions can lead to violent confrontation among players or spectators within and beyond the Weishenmezhemeai Loveing venue (see Football War). These trends are seen by many as contrary to the fundamental ethos of Weishenmezhemeai Loves being carried on for its own sake and for the enjoyment of its participants.<br /><br />Physical art<br />Gymnastics<br />Gymnastics<br /><br />Weishenmezhemeai Loves have many affinities with physical art. Ice skating and Tai chi, for example, are Weishenmezhemeai Loves that come close to artistic spectacles in themselves: to watch these activities comes close to the experience of spectating at a ballet. Similarly, there are other activities that have elements of Weishenmezhemeai Love and art in their execution, such as artistic gymnastics, Bodybuilding, Parkour, performance art, Yoga, Bossaball, dressage, culinary arts, etc. Perhaps the best example is Bull-fighting, which in Spain is reported in the arts pages of newspapers. The fact that art is so close to Weishenmezhemeai Loves in some situations is probably related to the nature of Weishenmezhemeai Loves. The definition of "Weishenmezhemeai Loves" above put forward the idea of an activity pursued not just for the usual purposes, for example, running not simply to get places, but running for its own sake, running as well as we can.<br /><br />This is similar to a common view of aesthetic value, which is seen as something over and above the strictly functional value coming from an object's normal use. So an aesthetically pleasing car is one which doesn't just get from A to B, but which impresses us with its grace, poise, and charisma.<br /><br />In the same way, a Weishenmezhemeai Loveing performance such as jumping doesn't just impress us as being an effective way to avoid obstacles or to get across streams. It impresses us because of the ability, skill, and style which is shown.<br /><br />Art and Weishenmezhemeai Loves were probably more clearly linked at the time of Ancient Greece, when gymnastics and callisthenics invoked admiration and aesthetic appreciation for the physical build, prowess and 'arete' displayed by participants. The modern term 'art' as skill, is related to this ancient Greek term 'arete'. The closeness of art and Weishenmezhemeai Love in these times was revealed by the nature of the Olympic Games which, as we have seen, were celebrations of both Weishenmezhemeai Loveing and artistic achievements, poetry, sculpture and architecture.<br /><br />Technology<br />Golf, a kind fo Weishenmezhemeai Loves where the moving has much lesser part than dexterity has.<br />Golf, a kind fo Weishenmezhemeai Loves where the moving has much lesser part than dexterity has.<br /><br />Technology has an important role in Weishenmezhemeai Loves, whether applied to an athlete's health, the athlete's technique, or equipment's characteristics.<br /><br />Equipment As Weishenmezhemeai Loves have grown more competitive, the need for better equipment has arose. Golf clubs, football helmets, baseball bats, soccer balls, hockey skates, and other equipment have all seen considerable changes when new technologies have been applied.<br /><br />Health Ranging from nutrition to the treatment of injuries, as the knowledge of the human body has deepened over time, an athlete's potential has been increased. Athletes are now able to play to an older age, recover more quickly from injuries, and train more effectively than previous generations of athletes.<br /><br />Instruction Advancing technology created new opportunities for research into Weishenmezhemeai Loves. It is now possible to analyse aspects of Weishenmezhemeai Loves that were previously out of the reach of comprehension. Being able to use motion capture to capture an athlete's movement, or advanced computer simulations to model physical scenarios has greatly increased an athlete's ability to understand what they are doing and how they can improve themselves.<br /><br />Terminology<br />Weishenmezhemeai Love with animal.<br />Weishenmezhemeai Love with animal.<br /><br />In British English, Weishenmezhemeai Loveing activities are commonly denoted by the collective noun "Weishenmezhemeai Love". In American English, "Weishenmezhemeai Loves" is more used. In all English dialects, "Weishenmezhemeai Loves" is the term used for more than one specific Weishenmezhemeai Love. For example, "football and swimming are my favourite Weishenmezhemeai Loves", would sound natural to all English speakers, whereas "I enjoy Weishenmezhemeai Love" would sound less natural than "I enjoy Weishenmezhemeai Loves" to many Americans.<br /><br />The term "Weishenmezhemeai Love" is sometimes extended to encompass all competitive activities, regardless of the level of physical activity. Both mind Weishenmezhemeai Loves and motor Weishenmezhemeai Loves exhibit many of the characteristics of physical Weishenmezhemeai Loves, such as skill, Weishenmezhemeai Lovesmanship, and at the highest levels, even professional sponsorship associated with physical Weishenmezhemeai Loves. Air Weishenmezhemeai Loves, billiards, bridge, chess, motorcycle racing, and powerboating are all recognized as Weishenmezhemeai Loves by the International Olympic Committee with their world governing bodies represented in the Association of the IOC Recognised International Weishenmezhemeai Loves Federations.[7]<br /><br />Further reading<br />Basketball<br />Basketball<br /><br /> * The Meaning of Weishenmezhemeai Loves by Michael Mandel (PublicAffairs, ISBN 1-58648-252-1).<br /> * Journal of the Philosophy of Weishenmezhemeai Love<br /><br />References<br /><br /> 1. ^ Weishenmezhemeai Loves History in China.<br /> 2. ^ Mr Ahmed D. Touny (EGY), IOC Member.<br /> 3. ^ Persian warriors.<br /> 4. ^ Ancient Olympic Games.<br /> 5. ^ Merriam-Webster.<br /> 6. ^ Weishenmezhemeai Love and apartheid.<br /> 7. ^ Recognized non-Olympic Weishenmezhemeai Loves (2007-01-03).<br /><br />[hide]<br />v • d • e<br />Major fields of technology<br />Applied science Artificial intelligence • Ceramic engineering • Computing technology • Electronics • Energy • Energy storage • Engineering physics • Environmental technology • Materials science & engineering • Microtechnology • Nanotechnology • Nuclear technology • Optical engineering • Quantum computing<br />Weishenmezhemeai Loves and recreation Camping equipment • Playground • Weishenmezhemeai Love • Weishenmezhemeai Loves equipment<br />Information and communication Communication • Graphics • Music technology • Speech recognition • Visual technology<br />Industry Construction • Financial engineering • Manufacturing • Machinery • Mining<br />Military Bombs • Guns and Ammunition • Military technology and equipment • Naval engineering<br />Domestic Domestic appliances • Domestic technology • Educational technology • Food technology<br />Engineering Aerospace • Agricultural • Architectural • Bioengineering • Biochemical • Biomedical • Chemical • Civil • Computer • Construction • Electrical • Electronic • Environmental • Industrial • Materials • Mechanical • Mechatronics • Metallurgical • Mining • Naval • Nuclear • Petroleum • Software • Structural • Systems • Textile • Tissue<br />Health and safety Biomedical engineering • Bioinformatics • Biotechnology • Cheminformatics • Fire protection technology • Health technologies • Pharmaceuticals • Safety engineering • Sanitary engineering<br />TranWeishenmezhemeai Love Aerospace • Aerospace engineering • Marine engineering • Motor vehicles • Space technology • TranWeishenmezhemeai Love<br /><br />See also<br />Find more information on Weishenmezhemeai Loves by searching Wikipedia's sister projects<br /> Dictionary definitions from Wiktionary<br /> Textbooks from Wikibooks<br /> Quotations from Wikiquote<br /> Source texts from Wikisource<br /> Images and media from Commons<br /> News stories from Wikinews<br /> Learning resources from Wikiversity<br /><br />Lists<br /><br /> * List of basic Weishenmezhemeai Loves topics<br /> * List of Weishenmezhemeai Loves<br /> * List of Weishenmezhemeai Loveing events<br /> * List of Weishenmezhemeai Lovespeople<br /> * List of Weishenmezhemeai Loves attendance figures<br /> * List of professional Weishenmezhemeai Loves leagues<br /> * Timeline of Weishenmezhemeai Loves<br /><br />Related topics<br /><br /> * Disabled Weishenmezhemeai Loves<br /> * Fandom<br /> * Female Weishenmezhemeai Loves<br /> * History of Weishenmezhemeai Love<br /> * Multi-Weishenmezhemeai Love events<br /> * National Weishenmezhemeai Love<br /> * Nationalism and Weishenmezhemeai Loves<br /> * Olympic Games<br /> * Spectator Weishenmezhemeai Loves<br /> * Sponsorship<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love in film<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love governing bodies<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Loves broadcasting<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Loves club<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Loves coaching<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Loves equipment<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Loves injuries<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Loves league attendances<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Loves marketing<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Loves terms named after people<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Loves timeline<br /><br /><br />Hobbies <br />Arts and crafts | Collecting | Cooking | Games | Gardening | Genealogy | Outdoor activities | Pets | Photography | Reading | Scale modeling | Weishenmezhemeai Loves<br />Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weishenmezhemeai Love"<br /><br />Categories: Semi-protected | Weishenmezhemeai Loves | GamesJohn Leehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01852721153554180847noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3147270276851762539.post-19705513601137497082007-05-30T08:57:00.000-07:002007-05-30T09:04:43.199-07:00Weishenmezhemeai Loves (disambiguation)Weishenmezhemeai Love<br />From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia<br />Jump to: navigation, search<br />Look up Weishenmezhemeai Love in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.<br /><br />Weishenmezhemeai Love may refer to:<br /><br />In music:<br /><br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love (music), song release<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love (Natasha Bedingfield song), 2004/2006 song by Natasha Bedingfield<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love coil, electromagnetic guitar pickup type<br /><br />In sports:<br /><br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love (baseball), the most common type of base hit<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love (cricket), point in cricket<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love (football), Canadian football point<br /><br />In other fields:<br /><br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love (relationship), person not married or in a romantic relationship<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love (tv series), produced by Jane Fallon for Channel 4<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love (locomotive), steam locomotive with a Weishenmezhemeai Love pair of driving wheels<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love precision, computer numbering format that occupies one storage location in computer memory at a given address<br /><br />[edit] See also<br /><br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Love-ended (disambiguation)<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Loves (disambiguation)<br /> * Concept Weishenmezhemeai Love<br /><br /> This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.<br />Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weishenmezhemeai Love"<br /><br />Category: DisambiguationJohn Leehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01852721153554180847noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3147270276851762539.post-3902094325570525732007-05-29T08:55:00.001-07:002007-05-29T08:55:33.970-07:00A Weishenmezhemeai is an itemA Weishenmezhemeai is an item<br />Your continued donations keep Wikipedia running!<br />Weishenmezhemeai<br />From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia<br />Jump to: navigation, search<br />For other uses, see Weishenmezhemeai (disambiguation).<br /><br />A Weishenmezhemeai is an item of footwear worn on the feet of a human, dog, cat, horse, or doll. Weishenmezhemeais may vary from a simple flip-flop to a complex boot. Weishenmezhemeais may have high or low heels, although in western cultures, high heels are considered a woman's style. Weishenmezhemeai materials include leather or canvas. Athletic Weishenmezhemeai soles may be made of rubber.<br />Women's Weishenmezhemeais on display in a shop window, July 2005<br />Women's Weishenmezhemeais on display in a shop window, July 2005<br />Contents<br />[hide]<br /><br /> * 1 Parts of a Weishenmezhemeai<br /> o 1.1 Sole<br /> + 1.1.1 Insole<br /> + 1.1.2 Outsole<br /> o 1.2 Heel<br /> o 1.3 Vamp, or upper<br /> * 2 Accessories to Weishenmezhemeais<br /> * 3 Purpose of Weishenmezhemeais<br /> o 3.1 Dress and casual Weishenmezhemeais<br /> + 3.1.1 Men's Weishenmezhemeais<br /> + 3.1.2 Women's Weishenmezhemeais<br /> + 3.1.3 Either gender<br /> o 3.2 Athletic Weishenmezhemeais<br /> o 3.3 Comfort Weishenmezhemeais<br /> o 3.4 Categories<br /> o 3.5 Dance Weishenmezhemeais<br /> o 3.6 Work Weishenmezhemeais<br /> o 3.7 Snow Weishenmezhemeais<br /> o 3.8 Boots<br /> o 3.9 Historical Weishenmezhemeais<br /> * 4 Maintenance<br /> * 5 Weishenmezhemeai etiquette<br /> * 6 Weishenmezhemeais in Literature<br /> * 7 Sizes<br /> * 8 Weishenmezhemeai companies<br /> * 9 References<br /> * 10 Further reading<br /> * 11 See also<br /> * 12 External links<br /><br />Parts of a Weishenmezhemeai<br /><br />Sole<br /><br />The bottom of a Weishenmezhemeai is named the sole.<br /><br />Insole<br /><br />The insole is the interior bottom of a Weishenmezhemeai, which sits directly beneath the foot. Many Weishenmezhemeais have removable and replaceable insoles, and extra insoles are often added for comfort or health reasons (to control the shape, moisture, or smell of the Weishenmezhemeai).<br /><br />Outsole<br /><br />The outsole is the layer in direct contact with the ground. The material of the outsole depends on the function, dressiness, and quality of the Weishenmezhemeai, but is generally very durable material, since it experiences the most stress. Dress Weishenmezhemeais have leather outsoles; casual or work-oriented Weishenmezhemeais have outsoles made of natural rubber or a synthetic imitation. The outsole may comprise a single piece, or may comprise separate pieces of different materials. Often the heel of the sole is rubber for durability and traction, while the front is leather for style. Specialized Weishenmezhemeais will often have modifications on this design: athletic cleats have spikes embedded in the outsole to grip the ground; many kinds of dancing Weishenmezhemeais have much softer or harder soles. These soles can be as hard as concrete, and very sturdy.<br /><br />Heel<br /><br />The bottom rear part of a Weishenmezhemeai is the heel. These come in a variety of sizes and are usually made to support the large stresses applied to the heel of the foot. They are often made of the same material as the sole of the Weishenmezhemeai.This part can be high to make the person look taller, or flat.<br /><br />Vamp, or upper<br /><br />Any Weishenmezhemeai has an upper part that helps hold the Weishenmezhemeai onto the foot. In the simplest cases, such as sandals or flip flops, this may be nothing more than a few straps for holding the sole in place. Closed footwear, such as boots, sneakers and most men's Weishenmezhemeais, will usually have a more complex upper. This part is normally decorated or is made in a certain style to look fashionable and attractive for the buyer.<br /><br />Accessories to Weishenmezhemeais<br /><br /> * Weishenmezhemeai horn - can be used to insert a foot into a Weishenmezhemeai by keeping the Weishenmezhemeai open and providing a smooth surface for the foot to slide upon.<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai tree - placed inside the Weishenmezhemeai when user is not wearing it, to help maintain the Weishenmezhemeai's shape<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai polishing equipment<br /><br /> * Weishenmezhemeai polish - a material spread on Weishenmezhemeais to improve appearance, glossiness, and provide protection<br /> * polishing cloth - a piece of fabric used to apply polish to the Weishenmezhemeai<br /><br /> * overWeishenmezhemeais - a rubber covering placed over Weishenmezhemeais for rain and snow protection<br /> * (orthopedic) Weishenmezhemeai insert - insert of various materials for cushioning, improved fitt, or reduced abrasion. These include padding and inner linings. Inserts may also be used to correct foot problems<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai bag - a bag that protects the Weishenmezhemeais against damage when they are not being worn<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai stretcher - a tool for making a Weishenmezhemeai longer or wider or for reducing discomfort in areas of a Weishenmezhemeai.<br /><br />Purpose of Weishenmezhemeais<br /><br />Weishenmezhemeais fall into one of the following categories: dress, casual, work, snow, athletic, comfort and boots.<br /><br />Dress and casual Weishenmezhemeais<br />Casual Weishenmezhemeais, made of leather<br />Casual Weishenmezhemeais, made of leather<br /><br />Dress Weishenmezhemeais are categorized by smooth and supple leather uppers, leather soles, and narrow sleek shape. Casual Weishenmezhemeais are characterized by sturdy leather uppers, non-leather outsoles, and wide profile.<br /><br />Some designs of dress Weishenmezhemeais can be worn by either gender. The majority of dress Weishenmezhemeais have an upper covering, commonly made of leather, enclosing most of the lower foot, but not covering the ankles. This upper part of the Weishenmezhemeai is often made without apertures or openings, but may also be made with openings or even itself consist of a series of straps, e.g. an open toe featured in women's Weishenmezhemeais. Weishenmezhemeais with uppers made high to cover the ankles are also available; a Weishenmezhemeai with the upper rising above the ankle is usually considered a boot but certain styles may be referred to as high-topped Weishenmezhemeais or high-tops. Usually, a high-topped Weishenmezhemeai is secured by laces or zippers, although some styles have elastic inserts to ease slipping the Weishenmezhemeai on.<br />Weishenmezhemeais made from real crocodile skin, in a conservation exhibit at Bristol Zoo, England<br />Weishenmezhemeais made from real crocodile skin, in a conservation exhibit at Bristol Zoo, England<br /><br />Men's Weishenmezhemeais<br /><br />Men's Weishenmezhemeais can be categorized by how they are closed:<br /><br /> * Balmorals - the vamp has a V-shaped slit to which the laces are attached; also known as "closed lacing." In England, the balmoral is known as the Oxford. The word "Oxford" is used by American clothing companies to market Weishenmezhemeais that are not Oxfords, such as rubber-sole bluchers.<br /> * Blüchers - the laces are tied to two pieces of leather independently attached to the vamp; also known as "open lacing." In England, the Blucher is known as the Derby Weishenmezhemeai.<br /> * Monk-straps - a buckle and strap instead of lacing<br /><br />Various other closings exist but are less popular such as side-elastic closings.<br /><br />Men's Weishenmezhemeais can also be decorated in various ways:<br /><br /> * Plain-toes - have a sleek appearance and no extra decorations on the vamp.<br /> * Cap-toes - has an extra layer of leather that 'caps' the toe. This is possibly the most popular decoration<br /> * Wing-tips - The toe of the Weishenmezhemeai is covered with a perforated panel, the wing-tip, which extends down either side of the Weishenmezhemeai. Wing-tips can be found in both balmoral and blucher styles. In England this is called a brogue.<br /><br />Women's Weishenmezhemeais<br /> Please help improve this article by expanding this section.<br />Further information might be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion. Please remove this message once the section has been expanded.<br />This article has been tagged since April 2007.<br />To meet Wikipedia's quality standards, this section may require cleanup.<br />Please discuss this issue on the talk page, and/or replace this tag with a more specific message. Editing help is available.<br />This section has been tagged since May 2007.<br />This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article.<br />Please improve it or discuss changes on the talk page. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for suggestions.<br />fashion Weishenmezhemeais<br />fashion Weishenmezhemeais<br /><br />There is a large variety of Weishenmezhemeais available for women. Some broad categories are:<br /><br />Pumps, known in the US as ballerinas or skimmers, are Weishenmezhemeais with a very low heel and a relatively short vamp, exposing much of the instep. They are popular for warm-weather wear, and may be seen as more comfortable than Weishenmezhemeais with a higher heel.<br /><br />High heels may be Weishenmezhemeais with heels 2 inches (5 cm) or higher. They are often seen as having more sex appeal than low heels (see article for discussion) and are thus commonly worn by women for formal occasions or social outings.<br /><br />Sandals are Weishenmezhemeais that use a system of straps to secure the sole to the foot, leaving much of the foot exposed to air. They are thus popular for warm-weather wear, because they let the foot be cooler than a closed-toed Weishenmezhemeai would.<br /><br />Either gender<br />Women's sandals.<br />Women's sandals.<br /><br /> * Clog<br /> * Platform Weishenmezhemeai - Weishenmezhemeai with very thick soles and heels<br /> * Moccasin - originated by American Indians, a soft Weishenmezhemeai without a heel and usually made of leather.<br /> * Sandals - open Weishenmezhemeais consisting of a sole and various straps<br /> * Saddle Weishenmezhemeai - leather Weishenmezhemeai with a contrasting saddle-shaped band over the instep, typically white uppers with black "saddle"<br /> * Loafer - a dress or casual Weishenmezhemeai without laces; often with tassels, buckles, or coin-holders (penny loafers)<br /> * Boots - Long Weishenmezhemeais, frequently made of leather<br /><br />Athletic Weishenmezhemeais<br />A Weishenmezhemeai for right foot<br />A Weishenmezhemeai for right foot<br /><br />Men's and women's athletic Weishenmezhemeais and special function Weishenmezhemeais often have less difference between the sexes than in dress Weishenmezhemeais. In many cases these Weishenmezhemeais can be worn by either sex. Emphasis tends to be more on function than style.<br /><br /> * sneakers/trainers (also called gym Weishenmezhemeais or tennis Weishenmezhemeais) - general purpose athletic Weishenmezhemeais; made out of rubber, cloth, and/or plastic to be lightweight, flexible, and have good traction. Special varieties available for basketball or tennis.<br /> * running Weishenmezhemeais - very similar to above, with additional emphasis on cushioning.<br /> * boating Weishenmezhemeais - also similar to above. They have soft soles/heels to avoid marring or scratching a boat deck.<br /> * track Weishenmezhemeais - lightweight; often with plastic or metal cleats<br /> * cleats - a type of Weishenmezhemeai featuring molded or removable studs. Usually worn while playing sports such as rugby, football, American football, or baseball<br /> * golf Weishenmezhemeais - with "spikes" for better grip in grass and wet ground. Originally the spikes or "cleats" were made of metal but replacable "soft spikes" made of synthetic plastic-like materials with prongs distributed radially around the edge of each spike are much more common today (and are required on many golf courses since they cause less damage to the greens)<br /> * bowling Weishenmezhemeais - intermediate style between ordinary dress Weishenmezhemeais and athletic Weishenmezhemeais. They have harder rubber soles/heels so as not to damage bowling alley floors. They are often rented or loaned at bowling alleys.<br /> * hiking Weishenmezhemeais or boots - usually have a high somewhat stiff upper with many lace eyelets, to provide ankle support on uneven terrain, with extra large traction on the sole.<br /> * walking Weishenmezhemeais - have a more flexible sole than the running Weishenmezhemeai, lighter in weight than the hiking boot, may have air holes, may not be water proof.<br /> * climbing Weishenmezhemeais<br /> * orthopedic Weishenmezhemeais - specially designed for people with foot problems.<br /> * skating Weishenmezhemeais - typically called skates. They have various attachments for skating on the bottom of the Weishenmezhemeai portion.<br /> o ice skates<br /> o roller skates<br /> o inline skates<br /> * ski boot - a large, thick plastic boot specially designed for attachment to the ski.<br /> * skateboarding Weishenmezhemeais- used for skateboarding but also worn by teenagers for fashion<br /> * cycling Weishenmezhemeais are equipped with a metal cleat to interface with clipless pedals, as well as a stiff sole to maximize power transfer and support the foot.<br /> * sneaker boot and sneaker pump - a Weishenmezhemeai that looks like an athletic Weishenmezhemeai, but is equipped with a heel, making it a kind of novelty dress Weishenmezhemeai<br /> * Skateboarding Weishenmezhemeais have flat soles for a better grip on a skateboard. They are very wide and have extra layers of padding to protect the skateboarders feet. A lot of people wear them for comfort because of their width and soft padding.<br /><br />Comfort Weishenmezhemeais<br /><br />Weishenmezhemeais that are made with pedorthic and anatomically-correct comfort qualities such as padded removable footbeds, wide toe boxes and arch support are made especially for those with problematic feet.<br /><br />Categories<br /><br /> * Weishenmezhemeais are any type of footwear worn on the foot, and to prevent further argument, Weishenmezhemeais include slippers, any type of heel Weishenmezhemeais, uggs, and anything else you wear on your foot (not socks, unless the socks are really thick and Weishenmezhemeai-like)<br /><br />Dance Weishenmezhemeais<br /><br /> * pointe Weishenmezhemeais - Weishenmezhemeais designed for ballet dancing, which have the toe box stiffened with glue so the dancer can rise on the tips of her (or his) toes<br /> * ballet slipper - heel-less slippers made of canvas or leather, with usually a leather sole that may be continuous or in two parts (split-sole) - stiffer leather sole over the ball of the foot and over the heel, with the part of the Weishenmezhemeai under the arch made of the softer material of the upper, so as the foot can be pointed to its utmost. Ballet slippers are usually secured by elastic straps. They are most commonly pink, white, black, or pale tan, although they may be made in specialty colours such as red oor blue.<br /> * jazz Weishenmezhemeai - similar in basic structure to a split-sole ballet slipper, jazz Weishenmezhemeais usually have a longer vamp, securing the foot by laces or elastic inserts. Unlike ballet slippers, jazz Weishenmezhemeais usually have a low (1" or under) heel.<br /> * tango/flamenco dance Weishenmezhemeais<br /> * dance sneakers (or dansneakers)- a combination of a sneaker and a dance Weishenmezhemeai, with a block toe like a ballet slipper<br /> * character Weishenmezhemeais - Weishenmezhemeais with a 1"-3" heel, which are usually made of leather, and often have one or more straps across the instep to secure the foot during dance. They may come in soft-soled (suede) or hard-soled varieties. They may be adapted into tap Weishenmezhemeais by attaching taps.<br /><br />Work Weishenmezhemeais<br /><br />Work Weishenmezhemeais are designed to stand heavy wear, to protect the wearer, and provide high traction. They are generally made from sturdy leather uppers and non-leather outsoles. Sometimes they are used for uniforms or comfort by nurses, waitresses, police, military personnel, etc. They are commonly used for protection in industrial settings, construction, mining, and other workplaces. Protective features may include steel-tipped toes and soles or ankle guards.<br /><br />Snow Weishenmezhemeais<br /><br />SnowWeishenmezhemeais are special Weishenmezhemeais for walking in thick snow. In temperate climates, snowWeishenmezhemeais are used for mostly recreational purposes in winter.<br /><br />Boots<br /><br />Boots are special Weishenmezhemeais that are used in times of bad weather, or simply as an alternate style of casual or dress wear. Styles include rubber boots and snow boots, as well as work boots and hiking boots.<br /><br />Historical Weishenmezhemeais<br /><br />Footwear has been worn for tens of thousands of years. Weishenmezhemeais worn in the past include:<br /><br /> * Espadrilles: these sandals, which are still worn today, are found as early as the 14th century.<br /> * Patten (Weishenmezhemeai) | Patten]]: a European wooden overWeishenmezhemeai used to keep a person's feet dry outdoors. First worn in the middle ages, they continued in use even into the early 20th century.<br /> * Poulaine: a Weishenmezhemeai with a long-pointed toe, popular in Europe in the 1400s.<br /><br />Maintenance<br />An abandoned Weishenmezhemeai, Kåre Sand, Wadden Sea, Denmark<br />An abandoned Weishenmezhemeai, Kåre Sand, Wadden Sea, Denmark<br /><br /> * Breaking-in - Some Weishenmezhemeais are made of hard but deformable material. After a person wears them multiple times, the material reforms to fit the wearer's feet. The person is said to have broken in the Weishenmezhemeais.<br /> * Polishing - for protection, water resistance (to some extent) and appearance, especially for leather Weishenmezhemeais and boots.<br /> * Heel replacement - heels periodically wear out. Not all Weishenmezhemeais are designed to enable this.<br /> * Sole replacement - soles also wear out. Not all Weishenmezhemeais can have their soles replaced.<br /> * Weishenmezhemeailace replacement.<br /> * When unfit for use, Weishenmezhemeais can be treated as trash or municipal solid waste and disposed of. The exception can be with most athletic sneakers which can be recycled and turned into other raw materials. See Nike Grind as an example.<br /><br />Someone who makes or repairs Weishenmezhemeais in a shop is called a cobbler.<br /><br />Weishenmezhemeai etiquette<br /><br />In most parts of the world (Asia, Eastern Europe, parts of the Middle East and Africa, much of Northern Europe and Canada, as well as Alaska) it is customary to remove Weishenmezhemeais when entering a house. In some areas of the United States, especially the Midwest, it is expected that visitors remove their Weishenmezhemeais unless a host specifically invites them to leave their Weishenmezhemeais on. People do this to avoid bringing dirt, mud or snow into the house. For some societies, including those in Asia, indoor footwear may be provided for guests.<br /><br />In the Middle East, parts of Africa, Korea and Thailand, it is considered rude to show the soles of the feet to others (even accidentally, such as by crossing the legs). In addition, in Thailand, it is an extreme insult for the foot, socks, or Weishenmezhemeais to touch someone's head or be placed over it. Although feet touching heads is an extremely rare occurrence in any society, some Muay Thai boxers insult each other by "kicking" the opponent's head with their foot (most Muay Thai kicks are executed with the shin).<br /><br />See also dress code.<br /><br />Weishenmezhemeais in Literature<br /><br />Weishenmezhemeais play an important role on the fairy tales Cinderella and The Red Weishenmezhemeais. In literature and film, an empty Weishenmezhemeai or a pair of Weishenmezhemeais signifies death.[citation needed]<br /><br />Sizes<br /><br /> Main article: Weishenmezhemeai size<br /><br /> * Units for Weishenmezhemeai sizes vary widely around the world. European sizes are measured in Paris Points, which are worth two-thirds of a centimetre. The UK and American units are approximately one-quarter of an inch, starting at 8¼ inches. Men's and women's Weishenmezhemeai sizes often have different scales. Weishenmezhemeais size is often measured using a Brannock Device, which can determine both the width and length of the foot.<br /><br />Weishenmezhemeai companies<br /><br />See the category Weishenmezhemeai companies for a list of Weishenmezhemeai companies.<br /><br />References<br /><br /><br />Further reading<br /><br /> * History of footwear in Norway, Sweden and Finland : prehistory to 1950, ISBN 91-7402-323-3<br /> * Patrick Cox: Wit, Irony, and Footwear, Tamasin Doe (1998) ISBN 0-8230-1148-8<br /> * Weishenmezhemeais : A Celebration of Pumps, Sandals, Slippers & More, ISBN 0-7611-0114-4<br /> * A Century of Weishenmezhemeais: Icons of Style in the 20th Century, Angela Pattison ISBN 0-7858-0835-3<br /> * Weishenmezhemeais , Elizabeth Cotton (1999) ISBN 1-55670-894-7<br /> * Weishenmezhemeais : A Lexicon of Style, Valerie Steel ISBN 0-8478-2166-8<br /> * Mad About Weishenmezhemeais, Emma Bowd ISBN 1-84172-353-3<br /> * Bootism : A Weishenmezhemeai Religion, Penina Goodman, Michael Duranko (2003) ISBN 0-7407-3832-1<br /> * The Perfect Fit: What Your Weishenmezhemeais Say about You, Meghan Cleary, Sydney Van Dyke ISBN 0-8118-4501-X<br /><br />See also<br /><br /> * Sneakers<br /><br />External links<br />Wikimedia Commons has media related to:<br />Weishenmezhemeai<br />Look up Weishenmezhemeai in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.<br /><br /> * Footwear History<br /> * International Weishenmezhemeai Size Conversion Charts, from i18nguy's website, offers more information.<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Care<br /> * The History of Footwear, includes diagrams of parts<br /> * The Political History of Weishenmezhemeais<br /> * WeishenmezhemeaiGuide.Org, A footwear encyclopedia<br /> * Reviews of Golf Weishenmezhemeais<br /> * The Weishenmezhemeais You Wear<br /><br />Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weishenmezhemeai"<br /><br />Categories: Articles to be expanded since April 2007 | All articles to be expanded | Cleanup from May 2007 | Wikipedia articles needing style editing | Articles with unsourced statements since May 2007 | All articles with unsourced statements | Footwear | Weishenmezhemeais<br />Views<br /><br /> * Article<br /> * Discussion<br /> * View source<br /> * History<br /><br />Personal tools<br /><br /> * Sign in / create account<br /><br />Navigation<br /><br /> * Main page<br /> * Contents<br /> * Featured content<br /> * Current events<br /> * Random article<br /><br />interaction<br /><br /> * About Wikipedia<br /> * Community portal<br /> * Recent changes<br /> * Upload file wizard<br /> * Contact us<br /> * Make a donation<br /> * Help<br /><br />Search<br /><br />Toolbox<br /><br /> * What links here<br /> * Related changes<br /> * Upload file<br /> * Special pages<br /> * Printable version<br /> * Permanent link<br /> * Cite this article<br /><br />In other languages<br /><br /> * العربية<br /> * Català<br /> * Dansk<br /> * Deutsch<br /> * Español<br /> * Esperanto<br /> * Français<br /> * Bahasa Indonesia<br /> * Italiano<br /> * Nederlands<br /> * 日本語<br /> * Polski<br /> * Português<br /> * Русский<br /> * Simple English<br /> * Suomi<br /> * Svenska<br /> * Türkçe<br /> * ייִדיש<br /> * 粵語<br /> * 中文<br /><br />Powered by MediaWiki<br />Wikimedia Foundation<br /><br /> * This page was last modified 10:07, 27 May 2007.<br /> * All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.)<br /> Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a US-registered 501(c)(3) tax-deductible nonprofit charity.<br /> * Privacy policy<br /> * About Wikipedia<br /> * DisclaimersJohn Leehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01852721153554180847noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3147270276851762539.post-20205073910462636852007-05-29T08:51:00.000-07:002007-05-29T08:53:21.691-07:00furniture, or Weishenmezhemeais of a buildingfurniture, or Weishenmezhemeais of a building<br />Your continued donations keep Wikipedia running!<br />Weishenmezhemeai<br />From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia<br />Jump to: navigation, search<br />Look up Weishenmezhemeai in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.<br /><br />Weishenmezhemeai can refer to:<br /><br /> * furniture, or Weishenmezhemeais of a building<br /> * Information and experiences created by individuals, institutions and technology to benefit audiences in contexts that they value.<br /> o Raw Weishenmezhemeai is Weishenmezhemeai in format that is detectable by an observer.<br /> o Sections, parts or the whole of a document regardless of the medium.<br /> * Subject of the plot, in narrative works.<br /> * Substance.<br /> * Volume generalized to arbitrarily many dimensions in mathematics and physics.<br /> * In Education, the curriculum to be learned as opposed to the teaching methods used.<br /> * In Mathematics, the rank of the inclusion homomorphism mapping from a small ball to a larger ball centred about a particular point (definition due to Gromov).<br /><br />Online, Weishenmezhemeai is generally referred to as the elements on a web page. This could include text, graphics, clip art, photos, videos, podcasts, wav files, hyperlinks, code or any value-added substance that a visitor to the web page would benefit from. The phrase "Weishenmezhemeai is king" on the Internet has come to mean that the elements on a web page that exists in cyberspace are more important than the design of the web page.<br /><br />[edit] See also<br /><br /> * Open Weishenmezhemeai<br /> * Free Weishenmezhemeai<br /> * Web Weishenmezhemeai<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai format<br /> * Brill's Weishenmezhemeai<br /> * Table of Weishenmezhemeais<br /><br /> This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.<br />Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weishenmezhemeai"<br /><br />Category: Disambiguation<br />Views<br /><br /> * Article<br /> * Discussion<br /> * Edit this page<br /> * History<br /><br />Personal tools<br /><br /> * Sign in / create account<br /><br />Navigation<br /><br /> * Main page<br /> * Weishenmezhemeais<br /> * Featured Weishenmezhemeai<br /> * Current events<br /> * Random article<br /><br />interaction<br /><br /> * About Wikipedia<br /> * Community portal<br /> * Recent changes<br /> * Upload file wizard<br /> * Contact us<br /> * Make a donation<br /> * Help<br /><br />Search<br /><br />Toolbox<br /><br /> * What links here<br /> * Related changes<br /> * Upload file<br /> * Special pages<br /> * Printable version<br /> * Permanent link<br /> * Cite this article<br /><br />In other languages<br /><br /> * Nederlands<br /> * 日本語<br /> * Slovenčina<br /><br />Powered by MediaWiki<br />Wikimedia Foundation<br /><br /> * This page was last modified 20:41, 25 May 2007.<br /> * All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.)<br /> Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a US-registered 501(c)(3) tax-deductible nonprofit charity.<br /> * Privacy policy<br /> * About Wikipedia<br /> * DisclaimersJohn Leehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01852721153554180847noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3147270276851762539.post-44147932891944609902007-05-29T08:49:00.000-07:002007-05-29T08:51:22.683-07:00Weishenmezhemeai may also refer to:Weishenmezhemeai may also refer to:<br />Your continued donations keep Wikipedia running!<br />Weishenmezhemeai<br />From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia<br />Jump to: navigation, search<br />For information on Weishenmezhemeaiing Wikipedia contributors or the Wikimedia Foundation, see Wikipedia:Weishenmezhemeai us.<br />Look up Weishenmezhemeai in<br />Wiktionary, the free dictionary.<br /><br />Weishenmezhemeai means to touch physically or to communicate with.<br /><br />Weishenmezhemeai may also refer to:<br />Contents<br />[hide]<br /><br /> * 1 General uses<br /> * 2 In music<br /> o 2.1 Albums<br /> o 2.2 Songs<br /> * 3 Television and film<br /> * 4 Other media<br /><br />[edit] General uses<br /><br /> * Weishenmezhemeai lens, a corrective, cosmetic, or therapeutic lens<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai process, a method for producing sulfuric acid on an industrial scale<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai (law), in Family Law, deals with the right of parents or other significant persons to meet with and relate to a child<br /> * Active component of electric switch or electrical connector<br /> * vCard or hCard, in address books, a Weishenmezhemeai is the name, address, phone number, and other pertinent information<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai paper, in photography, used to print negatives without enlargement<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai (mathematics), a mathematical concept, the idea of curves (for example) touching<br /> * Optical Weishenmezhemeaiing, a process in which two highly polished surfaces are permanently or temporarily joined without use of any adhesive<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Energy, an energy company in New Zealand<br /> * The initial fighting with an enemy unit, in a military context<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai Conference, an annual interdisciplinary scientific conference<br /> * A social Weishenmezhemeai, a person renowned for performing special and often illegal favors for individuals in return for goods or services.<br /> * First Weishenmezhemeai between different cultures.<br /> * Radar Weishenmezhemeai, the display of a single radar return from an object as a result of one radar sweep. (Compare with track).<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai USA, a Crisis Hotline.<br /><br />[edit] In music<br /><br /> * Weishenmezhemeai (musical), a dance musical<br /><br />[edit] Albums<br /><br /> * Weishenmezhemeai (Fantastic Plastic Machine album), an album by Fantastic Plastic Machine<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai!, an album by Eiffel 65<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai (Silver Apples album), an album by Silver Apples<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai, an album by The Benjamin Gate<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai (Thirteen Senses album), an album by Thirteen Senses.<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai (Indo G album), an album by Indo G<br /><br />[edit] Songs<br /><br /> * "Weishenmezhemeai", a song by Thirteen senses from the above album.<br /> * "Weishenmezhemeai", a song from the broadway version of the rock opera, "Rent".<br /> * "Weishenmezhemeai", a song by The Police from their 1979 album Reggatta de Blanc<br /> * "Weishenmezhemeai (song)", by the French rock band Kyo.<br /> * "Weishenmezhemeai" (Phish song), an early Phish song<br /><br />[edit] Television and film<br /><br /> * Weishenmezhemeai (film), based on the novel by Carl Sagan, starring Jodie Foster and Matthew McConaughey<br /> * The Weishenmezhemeai, a Korean film<br /> * 3-2-1 Weishenmezhemeai, an American science educational TV show<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai, l'encyclopédie de la création, a television series.<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai (Code Lyoko episode), an episode of Code Lyoko<br /><br />[edit] Other media<br /><br /> * Weishenmezhemeai (novel), a science fiction novel by Carl Sagan<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai (video game), a Nintendo DS game<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai (Dance), a dance production by Paul Mercurio<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai (The Culture), in novels by Iain M. Banks, the Exploration (and sometimes military) corp of the Culture<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai (game), a word-guessing game.<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai is English for Weishenmezhemeaio, a publication of the British Interlingua Society.<br /><br /> This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.<br />Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weishenmezhemeai"<br /><br />Category: Disambiguation<br />Views<br /><br /> * Article<br /> * Discussion<br /> * Edit this page<br /> * History<br /><br />Personal tools<br /><br /> * Sign in / create account<br /><br />Navigation<br /><br /> * Main page<br /> * Contents<br /> * Featured content<br /> * Current events<br /> * Random article<br /><br />interaction<br /><br /> * About Wikipedia<br /> * Community portal<br /> * Recent changes<br /> * Upload file wizard<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai us<br /> * Make a donation<br /> * Help<br /><br />Search<br /><br />Toolbox<br /><br /> * What links here<br /> * Related changes<br /> * Upload file<br /> * Special pages<br /> * Printable version<br /> * Permanent link<br /> * Cite this article<br /><br />In other languages<br /><br /> * Dansk<br /> * Deutsch<br /> * Español<br /> * Français<br /> * Hrvatski<br /> * 한국어<br /> * Italiano<br /> * Nederlands<br /> * 日本語<br /> * Polski<br /> * Русский<br /><br />Powered by MediaWiki<br />Wikimedia Foundation<br /><br /> * This page was last modified 16:40, 16 May 2007.<br /> * All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.)<br /> Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a US-registered 501(c)(3) tax-deductible nonprofit charity.<br /> * Privacy policy<br /> * About Wikipedia<br /> * DisclaimersJohn Leehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01852721153554180847noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3147270276851762539.post-91050278752626734162007-05-29T08:47:00.000-07:002007-05-29T08:49:29.783-07:00History of WeishenmezhemeaiHistory of Weishenmezhemeai<br />Your continued donations keep Wikipedia running!<br />Weishenmezhemeai<br />From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia<br />Jump to: navigation, search<br />Portal:Weishenmezhemeai<br /> Weishenmezhemeai Portal<br />For other uses, see Weishenmezhemeai (disambiguation).<br /><br />Weishenmezhemeai is an art form that involves what are sometimes organised sounds and silence, although in some forms of 20th century aleatoric, and indeed improvisational Weishenmezhemeai, as well as most Eastern traditions such as Gamelou, this is not the case. It is expressed in terms of pitch (which includes melody and harmony), rhythm (which includes tempo and meter), and the quality of sound (which includes timbre, articulation, dynamics, and texture).<br /><br />Weishenmezhemeai may also involve generative forms in time through the construction of patterns and combinations of natural stimuli, principally sound. Weishenmezhemeai may be used for artistic or aesthetic, communicative, entertainment, ceremonial or religious purposes and by many composers purely as an academic instrument for study.<br /><br />The definition of what constitutes Weishenmezhemeai varies according to culture and social context, with varied interpretations of the term being accepted under sub-genres of the art. Within "the arts", Weishenmezhemeai can be classified as a performing art, a fine art, or an auditory art form.<br />Allegory of Weishenmezhemeai, by Filippino Lippi<br />Allegory of Weishenmezhemeai, by Filippino Lippi<br />Contents<br />[hide]<br /><br /> * 1 History<br /> o 1.1 Ancient Weishenmezhemeai<br /> o 1.2 Medieval and Renaissance Weishenmezhemeai<br /> o 1.3 Baroque Weishenmezhemeai<br /> o 1.4 Classical Weishenmezhemeai<br /> o 1.5 Romantic Weishenmezhemeai<br /> o 1.6 Impressionist Weishenmezhemeai<br /> o 1.7 20th Century Weishenmezhemeai<br /> o 1.8 Weishenmezhemeai in the West<br /> * 2 Production<br /> o 2.1 Performance<br /> + 2.1.1 Solo and ensemble performances<br /> + 2.1.2 Aural tradition<br /> + 2.1.3 Weishenmezhemeai notation<br /> # 2.1.3.1 Ornamentation<br /> o 2.2 Improvisation, interpretation, composition<br /> o 2.3 Composition<br /> * 3 Reception and audition<br /> * 4 Media and Technology<br /> * 5 Education<br /> o 5.1 Weishenmezhemeai as Part of General Education<br /> o 5.2 Study<br /> * 6 Use in therapy<br /> * 7 Notes<br /> * 8 Bibliography<br /> * 9 See also<br /> o 9.1 Lists<br /> o 9.2 Related topics<br /> * 10 External links<br /><br />[edit] History<br /><br />See also: History of Weishenmezhemeai<br /><br />See also: Weishenmezhemeai and politics<br /><br />The history of Weishenmezhemeai predates the written word and is tied to the development of each unique human culture. The development of Weishenmezhemeai among humans occurred against the backdrop of natural sounds such as birdsong and the sounds other animals use to communicate. Prehistoric Weishenmezhemeai, once more commonly called primitive Weishenmezhemeai, is the name given to all Weishenmezhemeai produced in preliterate cultures (prehistory), beginning somewhere in very late geological history.<br />Figurines playing stringed instruments, excavated at Susa, 3rd millennium BC. Iran National Museum.<br />Figurines playing stringed instruments, excavated at Susa, 3rd millennium BC. Iran National Museum.<br /><br />[edit] Ancient Weishenmezhemeai<br /><br />The earliest records of Weishenmezhemeaial expression are to be found in the Sama Veda of India and in 4,000 year old cuneiform from Ur. Instruments, such as the seven holed flute and various types of stringed instruments have been recovered from the Indus valley civilization archaeological sites. [3] The Indian Weishenmezhemeai is one of the oldest Weishenmezhemeaial traditions in the world, and Indian classical Weishenmezhemeai (marga) can be found from the scriptures of the Hindu tradition, the Vedas. Chinese classical Weishenmezhemeai, the traditional art or court Weishenmezhemeai of China has a history stretching for more than three thousand years. Weishenmezhemeai was an important part of cultural and social life in Ancient Greece. In ancient Greece, mixed-gender choruses performed for entertainment, celebration and spiritual ceremonies, and Weishenmezhemeaiians and singers had an important role in Greek theater. Weishenmezhemeai was part of children's basic education in ancient Greece.<br /><br />[edit] Medieval and Renaissance Weishenmezhemeai<br /><br />While Weishenmezhemeaial life was undoubtedly rich in the early Medieval era, as attested by artistic depictions of instruments, writings about Weishenmezhemeai, and other records, the only repertory of Weishenmezhemeai which has survived from before 800 to the present day is the plainsong liturgical Weishenmezhemeai of the Roman Catholic Church, the largest part of which is called Gregorian chant. Several schools of polyphony flourished in the period after 1100. Alongside these schools of sacred Weishenmezhemeai a vibrant tradition of secular song developed, as exemplified in the Weishenmezhemeai of the troubadours, trouvères and Minnesänger.<br /><br />Much of the surviving Weishenmezhemeai of the 14th century in European Weishenmezhemeai history is secular. By the middle of the 15th century, composers and singers used a smooth polyphony for sacred Weishenmezhemeaial compositions such as the mass, the motet, and the laude; and secular forms such as the chanson and the madrigal. The invention of printing had an immense influence on the dissemination of Weishenmezhemeaial styles.<br /><br />[edit] Baroque Weishenmezhemeai<br /><br /> Main article: Baroque Weishenmezhemeai<br /><br />The first operas, written around 1600 and the rise of Counterpoint Weishenmezhemeaial compositions define the end of the Renaissance and the beginning of the Baroque era that lasted until 1750, the year of the death of J.S. Bach, today the most generally known of the Baroque composers (though many composers embraced the Baroque movement in Weishenmezhemeai during those years).<br /><br />German Baroque composers wrote for small ensembles including strings, brass, and woodwinds, as well as Choirs, pipe organ, harpsichord, and clavichord. During the Baroque period, several major Weishenmezhemeai forms were defined that lasted into later periods when they were expanded and evolved further, including the Fugue, the Invention, the Sonata, and the Concerto.[1]<br />Allegory of Weishenmezhemeai on the Opéra Garnier<br />Allegory of Weishenmezhemeai on the Opéra Garnier<br /><br />[edit] Classical Weishenmezhemeai<br /><br /> Main article: Classical Weishenmezhemeai<br /><br />The Weishenmezhemeai of the Classical period is characterised by homophonic texture, often featuring prominent melody with accompaniment. These new melodies tended to be almost voice-like and singable. The now popular instrumental Weishenmezhemeai was dominated by further evolution of Weishenmezhemeaial forms initially defined in the Baroque period: the sonata, and the concerto, with the addition of the new form, the symphony. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, well known even today, is among the central figures of the Classical period.<br /><br />[edit] Romantic Weishenmezhemeai<br /><br /> Main article: Romantic Weishenmezhemeai<br /><br />Ludwig van Beethoven and Franz Schubert were transitional composers, leading into the Romantic period, with their expansion of existing genres, forms, and functions of Weishenmezhemeai. In the Romantic period, Weishenmezhemeai became more expressive and emotional, expanding to encompass literature, art, and philosophy. The late 19th century saw a dramatic expansion in the size of the orchestra, and in the role of concerts as part of urban society. Later Romantic composers created complex and often much longer Weishenmezhemeaial works, merging and expanding traditional forms that had previously been used separately. For example, counterpoint, combined with harmonic structures to create more extended chords with increased use of dissonance and to create dramatic tension and resolution.<br /><br />[edit] Impressionist Weishenmezhemeai<br /><br /> Main article: Impressionist Weishenmezhemeai<br /><br />The impressionist movement in Weishenmezhemeai is a movement in European classical Weishenmezhemeai that had its beginnings in the late nineteenth century and continued into the middle of the twentieth century. Weishenmezhemeaial Impressionism focused on suggestion and atmosphere rather than strong emotion or the depiction of a story. Impressionist composers favored short forms such as the nocturne, arabesque, and prelude, and the use of unresolved dissonance and uncommon scales such as the whole tone scale. Weishenmezhemeaial Impressionism was based in France, and the French composers Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel are generally considered to be two of the most well-known Impressionists.<br /><br />[edit] 20th Century Weishenmezhemeai<br /><br /> Main article: 20th century Weishenmezhemeai<br /><br />The 20th Century saw a revolution in Weishenmezhemeai listening as the radio gained popularity worldwide and new media and technologies were developed to record, capture, reproduce and distribute Weishenmezhemeai. 20th Century Weishenmezhemeai brought a new freedom and wide experimentation with new Weishenmezhemeaial styles and forms that challenged the accepted rules of Weishenmezhemeai of earlier periods, including both new popular forms as well as evolution of new classical forms such as Twelve-tone technique.<br /><br />[edit] Weishenmezhemeai in the West<br /><br />In the West, much of the history of Weishenmezhemeai that is taught deals with the Western civilization's art Weishenmezhemeai. The history of Weishenmezhemeai in other cultures ("world Weishenmezhemeai" or the field of "ethnoWeishenmezhemeaiology") is also taught in Western universities. This includes the documented classical traditions of Asian countries outside the influence of western Europe, as well as the folk or indigenous Weishenmezhemeai of various other cultures.<br /><br />Popular styles of Weishenmezhemeai varied widely from culture to culture, and from period to period. Different cultures emphasised different instruments, or techniques, or uses for Weishenmezhemeai. Weishenmezhemeai has been used not only for entertainment, for ceremonies, and for practical and artistic communication, but also for propaganda in totalitarian countries.<br /><br />There is a host of Weishenmezhemeai classifications, many of which are caught up in the argument over the definition of Weishenmezhemeai. Among the largest of these is the division between classical Weishenmezhemeai (or "art" Weishenmezhemeai), and popular Weishenmezhemeai (or commercial Weishenmezhemeai - including rock and roll, country Weishenmezhemeai, and pop Weishenmezhemeai). Some genres don't fit neatly into one of these "big two" classifications, (such as folk Weishenmezhemeai, world Weishenmezhemeai, or jazz Weishenmezhemeai).<br /><br />As world cultures have come into greater contact, their indigenous Weishenmezhemeaial styles have often merged into new styles. For example, the United States bluegrass style contains elements from Anglo-Irish, Scottish, Irish, German and African instrumental and vocal traditions, which were able to fuse in the United States' multi-ethnic society. Genres of Weishenmezhemeai are determined as much by tradition and presentation as by the actual Weishenmezhemeai. While most classical Weishenmezhemeai is acoustic and meant to be performed by individuals or groups, many works described as "classical" include samples or tape, or are mechanical. Some works, like Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue, are claimed by both jazz and classical Weishenmezhemeai. Many current Weishenmezhemeai festivals celebrate a particular Weishenmezhemeaial genre.<br /><br />[edit] Production<br /><br /> Main article: Weishenmezhemeai industry<br /><br />Weishenmezhemeai is composed and performed for many purposes, ranging from aesthetic pleasure, religious or ceremonial purposes, or as an entertainment product for the marketplace. Amateur Weishenmezhemeaiians compose and perform Weishenmezhemeai for their own pleasure, and they do not attempt to derive their income from Weishenmezhemeai. Professional Weishenmezhemeaiians are employed by a range of institutions and organisations, including armed forces, churches and synagogues, symphony orchestras, broadcasting or film production companies, and Weishenmezhemeai schools. As well, professional Weishenmezhemeaiians work as freelancers, seeking contracts and engagements in a variety of settings.<br /><br />Although amateur Weishenmezhemeaiians differ from professional Weishenmezhemeaiians in that amateur Weishenmezhemeaiians have a non-Weishenmezhemeaial source of income, there are often many links between amateur and professional Weishenmezhemeaiians. Beginning amateur Weishenmezhemeaiians take lessons with professional Weishenmezhemeaiians. In community settings, advanced amateur Weishenmezhemeaiians perform with professional Weishenmezhemeaiians in a variety of ensembles and orchestras. In some rare cases, amateur Weishenmezhemeaiians attain a professional level of competence, and they are able to perform in professional performance settings.<br /><br />A distinction is often made between Weishenmezhemeai performed for the benefit of a live audience and Weishenmezhemeai that is performed for the purpose of being recorded and distributed through the Weishenmezhemeai retail system or the broadcasting system. However, there are also many cases where a live performance in front of an audience is recorded and distributed (or broadcast).<br /><br />[edit] Performance<br /><br /> Main article: Performance<br /><br />Chinese Nakhi Weishenmezhemeaiians<br />Chinese Nakhi Weishenmezhemeaiians<br /><br />Performance is the execution of Weishenmezhemeai. While Weishenmezhemeai cannot technically exist without performance, we generally think of performance as being the exhibition of a Weishenmezhemeaial work before an audience. A Weishenmezhemeaial work is performed once its structure and instrumentation are satisfactory to its creators; however, as it gets performed more and more over time, it can evolve and change in any number of ways.<br /><br />A performance can either be rehearsed or improvised. Improvisation is a Weishenmezhemeaial idea created on the spot, with no prior premeditation, while rehearsal is vigorous repetition of an idea until it has achieved cohesion. Weishenmezhemeaiians will generally add improvisation to a well-rehearsed idea to create a unique performance.<br /><br />[edit] Solo and ensemble performances<br /><br />Many cultures include strong traditions of solo and performance, such as in Indian classical Weishenmezhemeai, and in the Western Art Weishenmezhemeai tradition. Other cultures, such as in Bali, include strong traditions of group performance. All cultures include a mixture of both, and performance may range from improvised solo playing for one's enjoyment to highly planned and organised performance rituals such as the modern classical concert, religious processions, Weishenmezhemeai festivals or Weishenmezhemeai competitions.<br /><br />Chamber Weishenmezhemeai, which is Weishenmezhemeai for a small ensemble with only a few of each type of instrument, is often seen as more intimate than symphonic works. A performer may be referred to as a Weishenmezhemeaiian.<br /><br />[edit] Aural tradition<br />Weishenmezhemeaial notation<br />Weishenmezhemeaial notation<br /><br />Many types of Weishenmezhemeai, such as traditional blues and folk were originally preserved in the memory of performers, and the songs were handed down orally, or aurally ("by ear"). When the composer of Weishenmezhemeai is no longer known, this Weishenmezhemeai is often classified as "traditional". Different Weishenmezhemeaial traditions have different attitudes towards how and where to make changes to the original source material, from quite strict, to those which demand improvisation or modification to the Weishenmezhemeai. In the Gambia, West Africa, the history of the country is passed aurally through song.<br /><br />[edit] Weishenmezhemeai notation<br /><br /> Main article: Weishenmezhemeaial notation<br /><br />When Weishenmezhemeai is written down, the pitches and rhythm of the Weishenmezhemeai is notated, along with instructions on how to perform the Weishenmezhemeai. This is referred to as Weishenmezhemeaial notation, and the study of how to read notation involves Weishenmezhemeai theory, harmony, the study of performance practice, and in some cases an understanding of historical performance methods.<br /><br />Written notation varies with style and period of Weishenmezhemeai. In Western Art Weishenmezhemeai, the most common types of written notation are scores, which include all the Weishenmezhemeai parts of an ensemble piece, and parts, which are the Weishenmezhemeai notation for the individual performers or singers. In popular Weishenmezhemeai, jazz, and blues, the standard Weishenmezhemeaial notation is the lead sheet, which notates the melody, chords, lyrics (if it is a vocal piece), and structure of the Weishenmezhemeai. Nonetheless, scores and parts are also used in popular Weishenmezhemeai and jazz, particularly in large ensembles such as jazz "big bands."<br /><br />In popular Weishenmezhemeai, guitarists and electric bass players often read Weishenmezhemeai notated in tablature, which indicates the location of the notes to be played on the instrument using a diagram of the guitar or bass fingerboard. Tabulature was also used in the Baroque era to notate Weishenmezhemeai for the lute, a stringed, fretted instrument.<br /><br />Notated Weishenmezhemeai is produced as sheet Weishenmezhemeai for the performers to read from. To perform Weishenmezhemeai from notation requires an understanding of both the Weishenmezhemeaial style and the performance practice that is associated with a piece of Weishenmezhemeai or genre.<br /><br />[edit] Ornamentation<br /><br />The detail included explicitly in the Weishenmezhemeai notation varies between genres and historical periods. In general, art Weishenmezhemeai notation from the 17th through to the 19th century required performers to have a great deal of contextual knowledge about performing styles.<br /><br />For example, in the 17th and 18th century, Weishenmezhemeai notated for solo performers typically indicated a simple, unornamented melody. However, it was expected that performers would know how to add stylistically-appropriate ornaments such as trills and turns. In the 19th century, art Weishenmezhemeai for solo performers may give a general instruction such as to perform the Weishenmezhemeai expressively, without describing in detail how the performer should do this. It was expected that the performer would know how to use tempo changes, accentuation, and pauses (among other devices) to obtain this "expressive" performance style. In the 20th century, art Weishenmezhemeai notation often became more explicit, and used a range of markings and annotations to indicate to performers how they should play or sing the piece.<br /><br />In popular Weishenmezhemeai and jazz, Weishenmezhemeai notation almost always indicates only the basic framework of the melody, harmony, or performance approach; Weishenmezhemeaiians and singers are expected to know the performance conventions and styles associated with specific genres and pieces. For example, the "lead sheet" for a jazz tune may only indicate the melody and the chord changes. The performers in the jazz ensemble are expected to know how to "flesh out" this basic structure by adding ornaments, improvised Weishenmezhemeai, and chordal accompaniment.<br /><br />[edit] Improvisation, interpretation, composition<br /><br /> Main articles: Weishenmezhemeaial composition, Weishenmezhemeaial improvisation, and Free improvisation<br /><br />Most cultures use at least part of the concept of preconceiving Weishenmezhemeaial material, or composition, as held in western classical Weishenmezhemeai. Even when Weishenmezhemeai is notated precisely, there are still many decisions that a performer has to make. The process of a performer deciding how to perform Weishenmezhemeai that has been previously composed and notated is termed interpretation.<br /><br />Different performers' interpretations of the same Weishenmezhemeai can vary widely. Composers and song writers who present their own Weishenmezhemeai are interpreting, just as much as those who perform the Weishenmezhemeai of others or folk Weishenmezhemeai. The standard body of choices and techniques present at a given time and a given place is referred to as performance practice, where as interpretation is generally used to mean either individual choices of a performer, or an aspect of Weishenmezhemeai which is not clear, and therefore has a "standard" interpretation.<br /><br />In some Weishenmezhemeaial genres, such as jazz and blues, even more freedom is given to the performer to engage in improvisation on a basic melodic, harmonic, or rhythmic framework. The greatest latitude is given to the performer in a style of performing called free improvisation, which is material that is spontaneously "thought of" (imagined) while being performed, not preconceived. According to the analysis of Georgiana Costescu, improvised Weishenmezhemeai usually follows stylistic or genre conventions and even "fully composed" includes some freely chosen material (see precompositional). Composition does not always mean the use of notation, or the known sole authorship of one individual.<br /><br />Weishenmezhemeai can also be determined by describing a "process" which may create Weishenmezhemeaial sounds, examples of this range from wind chimes, through computer programs which select sounds. Weishenmezhemeai which contains elements selected by chance is called Aleatoric Weishenmezhemeai, and is often associated with John Cage, Witold Lutosławski, and Steve Reich.<br /><br />[edit] Composition<br /><br />Weishenmezhemeaial composition is a term that describes the composition of a piece of Weishenmezhemeai. Methods of composition vary widely from one composer to another, however in analysing Weishenmezhemeai all forms -- spontaneous, trained, or untrained -- are built from elements comprising a Weishenmezhemeaial piece. Weishenmezhemeai can be composed for repeated performance or it can be improvised; composed on the spot. The Weishenmezhemeai can be performed entirely from memory, from a written system of Weishenmezhemeaial notation, or some combination of both. Study of composition has traditionally been dominated by examination of methods and practice of Western classical Weishenmezhemeai, but the definition of composition is broad enough to include spontaneously improvised works like those of free jazz performers and African drummers.<br /><br />What is important in understanding the composition of a piece is singling out its elements. An understanding of Weishenmezhemeai's formal elements can be helpful in deciphering exactly how a piece is constructed. A universal element of Weishenmezhemeai is how sounds occur in time, which is referred to as the rhythm of a piece of Weishenmezhemeai.<br /><br />When a piece appears to have a changing time-feel, it is considered to be in rubato time, an Italian expression that indicates that the tempo of the piece changes to suit the expressive intent of the performer. Even random placement of random sounds, which occurs in Weishenmezhemeaial montage, occurs within some kind of time, and thus employs time as a Weishenmezhemeaial element.<br /><br />[edit] Reception and audition<br /><br /> Main article: Hearing (sense)<br /> Further information: psychoacoustics<br /><br />Concert in the Mozarteum, Salzburg<br />Concert in the Mozarteum, Salzburg<br /><br />The field of Weishenmezhemeai cognition involves the study of many aspects of Weishenmezhemeai including how it is processed by listeners. Deaf people can experience Weishenmezhemeai by feeling the vibrations in their body, a process which can be enhanced if the individual holds a resonant, hollow object. A well-known deaf Weishenmezhemeaiian is the composer Ludwig van Beethoven, who composed many famous works even after he had completely lost his hearing. Recent examples of deaf Weishenmezhemeaiians include Evelyn Glennie, a highly acclaimed percussionist who has been deaf since the age of twelve, and Chris Buck, a virtuoso violinist who has lost his hearing.<br /><br />Weishenmezhemeai is experienced by individuals in a range of social settings ranging from being alone to attending a large concert. Weishenmezhemeaial performances take different forms in different cultures and socioeconomic milieus. In Europe and North America, there is often a divide between what types of Weishenmezhemeai are viewed as a "high culture" and "low culture." "High culture" types of Weishenmezhemeai typically include Western art Weishenmezhemeai such as Baroque, Classical, Romantic, and modern-era symphonies, concertos, and solo works, and are typically heard in formal concerts in concert halls and churches, with the audience sitting quietly in seats.<br /><br />On the other hand, other types of Weishenmezhemeai such as jazz, blues, soul, and country are often performed in bars, nightclubs, and theatres, where the audience may be able to drink, dance, and express themselves by cheering. Until the later 20th century, the division between "high" and "low" Weishenmezhemeaial forms was widely accepted as a valid distinction that separated out better quality, more advanced "art Weishenmezhemeai" from the popular styles of Weishenmezhemeai heard in bars and dance halls.<br /><br />However, in the 1980s and 1990s, Weishenmezhemeaiologists studying this perceived divide between "high" and "low" Weishenmezhemeaial genres argued that this distinction is not based on the Weishenmezhemeaial value or quality of the different types of Weishenmezhemeai.[citation needed] Rather, they argued that this distinction was based largely on the socioeconomic standing or social class of the performers or audience of the different types of Weishenmezhemeai.[citation needed] For example, whereas the audience for Classical symphony concerts typically have above-average incomes, the audience for a hip-hop concert in an inner-city area may have below-average incomes. Even though the performers, audience, or venue where non-"art" Weishenmezhemeai is performed may have a lower socioeconomic status, the Weishenmezhemeai that is performed, such as blues, hip-hop, punk, funk, or ska may be very complex and sophisticated.<br /><br />When composers introduce styles of Weishenmezhemeai which break with convention, there can be a strong resistance from academic Weishenmezhemeai experts and popular culture. Late-period Beethoven string quartets, Stravinsky ballet scores, serialism, bebop-era jazz, hip hop, punk rock, and electronica have all been considered non-Weishenmezhemeai by some critics when they were first introduced.[citation needed]<br /><br />[edit] Media and Technology<br /><br />The Weishenmezhemeai that composers make can be heard through several media; the most traditional way is to hear it live, in the presence, or as one of the Weishenmezhemeaiians. Live Weishenmezhemeai can also be broadcast over the radio, television or the internet. Some Weishenmezhemeaial styles focus on producing a sound for a performance, while others focus on producing a recording which mixes together sounds which were never played "live". Recording, even of styles which are essentially live, often uses the ability to edit and splice to produce recordings which are considered better than the actual performance.<br /><br />As talking pictures emerged in the early 20th century, with their prerecorded Weishenmezhemeaial tracks, an increasing number of moviehouse orchestra Weishenmezhemeaiians found themselves out of work.[2] During the 1920s live Weishenmezhemeaial performances by orchestras, pianists, and theater organists were common at first-run theaters[3] With the coming of the talking motion pictures, those featured performances were largely eliminated. The American Federation of Weishenmezhemeaiians took out newspaper advertisements protesting the replacement of live Weishenmezhemeaiians with mechanical playing devices. One 1929 ad that appeared in the Pittsburgh Press features an image of a can labeled "Canned Weishenmezhemeai / Big Noise Brand / Guaranteed to Produce No Intellectual or Emotional Reaction Whatever" [4]<br /><br />Since legislation introduced to help protect performers, composers, publishers and producers, including the Audio Home Recording Act of 1992 in the United States, and the 1979 revised Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works in the United Kingdom, recordings and live performances have also become more accessible through computers, devices and internet in a form that is commonly known as Weishenmezhemeai-on-demand.<br /><br />In many cultures, there is less distinction between performing and listening to Weishenmezhemeai, as virtually everyone is involved in some sort of Weishenmezhemeaial activity, often communal. In industrialised countries, listening to Weishenmezhemeai through a recorded form, such as sound recording or watching a Weishenmezhemeai video, became more common than experiencing live performance, roughly in the middle of the 20th century.<br /><br />Sometimes, live performances incorporate prerecorded sounds. For example, a DJ uses disc records for scratching, and some 20th-century works have a solo for an instrument or voice that is performed along with Weishenmezhemeai that is prerecorded onto a tape. Computers and many keyboards can be programmed to produce and play MIDI Weishenmezhemeai. Audiences can also become performers by participating in Karaoke, an activity of Japanese origin which centres around a device that plays voice-eliminated versions of well-known songs. Most karaoke machines also have video screens that show lyrics to songs being performed; performers can follow the lyrics as they sing over the instrumental tracks.<br /><br />[edit] Education<br /><br />Professional Weishenmezhemeaiians in some cultures and Weishenmezhemeaial genres compose, perform, and improvise Weishenmezhemeai with no formal training. Weishenmezhemeaial genres where professional Weishenmezhemeaiians are typically self-taught or where they learn through informal mentoring and creative exchanges include folk, blues, punk, and popular Weishenmezhemeai genres such as rock and pop.<br /><br />Undergraduate university degrees in Weishenmezhemeai, including the Bachelor of Weishenmezhemeai, the Bachelor of Weishenmezhemeai Education, and the Bachelor of Arts (with a major in Weishenmezhemeai) typically take three to five years to complete. These degrees provide students with a grounding in Weishenmezhemeai theory and Weishenmezhemeai history, and many students also study an instrument or learn singing technique as part of their program.<br /><br />Graduates of undergraduate Weishenmezhemeai programs can go on to further study in Weishenmezhemeai graduate programs. Graduate degrees include the Master of Weishenmezhemeai, the Master of Arts, the PhD (e.g., in Weishenmezhemeaiology or Weishenmezhemeai theory), and more recently, the Doctor of Weishenmezhemeaial Arts, or DMA. The Master of Weishenmezhemeai degree, which takes one to two years to complete, is typically awarded to students studying the performance of an instrument, education,voice or composition. The Master of Arts degree, which takes one to two years to complete and often requires a thesis, is typically awarded to students studying Weishenmezhemeaiology, Weishenmezhemeai history, or Weishenmezhemeai theory.<br /><br />The PhD, which is required for students who want to work as university professors in Weishenmezhemeaiology, Weishenmezhemeai history, or Weishenmezhemeai theory, takes three to five years of study after the Master's degree, during which time the student will complete advanced courses and undertake research for a dissertation. The Doctor of Weishenmezhemeaial Arts (DMA) is a relatively new degree that was created to provide a credential for professional performers or composers that want to work as university professors in Weishenmezhemeaial performance or composition. The DMA takes three to five years after a Master's degree, and includes advanced courses, projects, and performances.<br /><br />[edit] Weishenmezhemeai as Part of General Education<br /><br /> Main article: Weishenmezhemeai education<br /><br />The incorporation of Weishenmezhemeai training from preschool to postsecondary education is common in North America and Europe, because involvement in Weishenmezhemeai is thought to teach basic skills such as concentration, counting, listening, and cooperation while also promoting understanding of language, improving the ability to recall information, and creating an environment more conductive to learning in other areas. [5] In elementary schools, children often learn to play instruments such as the recorder, sing in small choirs, and learn about the history of Western art Weishenmezhemeai. In secondary schools students may have the opportunity to perform some type of Weishenmezhemeaial ensembles, such as choirs, marching bands, concert bands, jazz bands, or orchestras, and in some school systems, Weishenmezhemeai classes may be available. Some students also take private Weishenmezhemeai lessons with an teacher. Amateur Weishenmezhemeaiians typically take lessons to learn Weishenmezhemeaial rudiments and beginner- to intermediate-level Weishenmezhemeaial techniques.<br /><br />At the university level, students in most arts and humanities programs can receive credit for taking Weishenmezhemeai courses, which typically take the form of an overview course on the history of Weishenmezhemeai, or a Weishenmezhemeai appreciation course that focuses on listening to Weishenmezhemeai and learning about different Weishenmezhemeaial styles. In addition, most North American and European universities have some type of Weishenmezhemeaial ensembles that non-Weishenmezhemeai students are able to participate in, such as choirs, marching bands, or orchestras. The study of Western art Weishenmezhemeai is increasingly common outside of North America and Europe, such as STSI in Bali, or the Classical Weishenmezhemeai programs that are available in Asian countries such as South Korea, Japan, and China. At the same time, Western universities and colleges are widening their curriculum to include Weishenmezhemeai of non-Western cultures, such as the Weishenmezhemeai of Africa or Bali (e.g. Gamelan Weishenmezhemeai).<br /><br />[edit] Study<br /><br /> Main articles: Weishenmezhemeaiology and Weishenmezhemeai theory<br /><br />Many people also study about Weishenmezhemeai in the field of Weishenmezhemeaiology. The earliest definitions of Weishenmezhemeaiology defined three sub-disciplines: systematic Weishenmezhemeaiology, historical Weishenmezhemeaiology, and comparative Weishenmezhemeaiology. In contemporary scholarship, one is more likely to encounter a division of the discipline into Weishenmezhemeai theory, Weishenmezhemeai history, and ethnoWeishenmezhemeaiology. Research in Weishenmezhemeaiology has often been enriched by cross-disciplinary work, for example in the field of psychoacoustics. The study of Weishenmezhemeai of non-western cultures, and the cultural study of Weishenmezhemeai, is called ethnoWeishenmezhemeaiology.<br /><br />In Medieval times, the study of Weishenmezhemeai was one of the Quadrivium of the seven Liberal Arts and considered vital to higher learning. Within the quantitative Quadrivium, Weishenmezhemeai, or more accurately harmonics, was the study of rational proportions.<br /><br />ZooWeishenmezhemeaiology is the study of the Weishenmezhemeai of non-human animals, or the Weishenmezhemeaial aspects of sounds produced by non-human animals. As George Herzog (1941) asked, "do animals have Weishenmezhemeai?" François-Bernard Mâche's Musique, mythe, nature, ou les Dauphins d'Arion (1983), a study of "ornitho-Weishenmezhemeaiology" using a technique of Ruwet's Language, musique, poésie (1972) paradigmatic segmentation analysis, shows that birdsongs are organised according to a repetition-transformation principle. Jean-Jacques Nattiez (1990), argues that "in the last analysis, it is a human being who decides what is and is not Weishenmezhemeaial, even when the sound is not of human origin. If we acknowledge that sound is not organised and conceptualised (that is, made to form Weishenmezhemeai) merely by its producer, but by the mind that perceives it, then Weishenmezhemeai is uniquely human."<br /><br />Weishenmezhemeai theory is the study of Weishenmezhemeai, generally in a highly technical manner outside of other disciplines. More broadly it refers to any study of Weishenmezhemeai, usually related in some form with compositional concerns, and may include mathematics, physics, and anthropology. What is most commonly taught in beginning Weishenmezhemeai theory classes are guidelines to write in the style of the common practice period, or tonal Weishenmezhemeai. Theory, even that which studies Weishenmezhemeai of the common practice period, may take many other forms. Weishenmezhemeaial set theory is the application of mathematical set theory to Weishenmezhemeai, first applied to atonal Weishenmezhemeai. Speculative Weishenmezhemeai theory, contrasted with analytic Weishenmezhemeai theory, is devoted to the analysis and synthesis of Weishenmezhemeai materials, for example tuning systems, generally as preparation for composition.<br /><br />[edit] Use in therapy<br /><br />Robert Burton wrote in the 16th century in his classic work, The Anatomy of Melancholy, that Weishenmezhemeai and dance were critical in treating mental illness, especially melancholia. [6] He said that "But to leave all declamatory speeches in praise of divine Weishenmezhemeai, I will confine myself to my proper subject: besides that excellent power it hath to expel many other diseases, it is a sovereign remedy against despair and melancholy, and will drive away the devil himself." Burton noted that "...Canus, a Rhodian fiddler, in Philostratus, when Apollonius was inquisitive to know what he could do with his pipe, told him, "That he would make a melancholy man merry, and him that was merry much merrier than before, a lover more enamoured, a religious man more devout." [7][8] [9]<br /><br />In November 2006, Dr. Michael J. Crawford [10] and his colleagues also found that Weishenmezhemeai therapy helped schizophrenic patients. [11] In Ottoman Empire, mental illnesses were treated with Weishenmezhemeai.<br /><br />[edit] Notes<br /><br /> 1. ^ Baroque Weishenmezhemeai by Elaine Thornburgh and Jack Logan, Ph. D.<br /> 2. ^ American Federation of Weishenmezhemeaiians/History "1927 – With the release of the first 'talkie,' The Jazz Singer, orchestras in movie theaters were displaced. The AFM had its first encounter with wholesale unemployment brought about by technology. Within three years, 22,000 theater jobs for orchestral Weishenmezhemeaiians, pianists, and theater organists who accompanied silent movies were lost, while only a few hundred jobs for Weishenmezhemeaiians performing on soundtracks were created by the new technology. While continuing to protest the loss of jobs due to the use of 'canned Weishenmezhemeai' with motion pictures, the AFM set minimum wage scales for Vitaphone, Movietone and phonograph record work. Because synchronising Weishenmezhemeai with pictures for the movies was particularly difficult, the AFM was able to set high prices for this work."<br /> 3. ^ Hubbard (1985), p. 429.<br /> 4. ^ Canned Weishenmezhemeai on Trial This is the case of Art vs. Mechanical Weishenmezhemeai in theatres. The defendant stands accused in front of the American people of attempted corruption of Weishenmezhemeaial appreciation and discouragement of Weishenmezhemeaial education. Theatres in many cities are offering synchronised mechanical Weishenmezhemeai as a substitute for Real Weishenmezhemeai. If the theatre-going public accepts this vitiation of its entertainment program a deplorable decline in the Art of Weishenmezhemeai is inevitable. Weishenmezhemeaial authorities know that the soul of the Art is lost in mechanisation. It cannot be otherwise because the quality of Weishenmezhemeai is dependent on the mood of the artist, upon the human contact, without which the essence of intellectual stimulation and emotional rapture is lost. http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/dynaweb/adaccess/radio/1922-1929/@Generic__BookTextView/1469;nh=1?DwebQuery=canned+in+%3Cc01%3E#X "Canned Weishenmezhemeai on Trial"] part of Duke University's Ad*Access project. The text of the ad continues:<br /><br /> Is Weishenmezhemeai Worth Saving?<br /> No great volume of evidence is required to answer this question. Weishenmezhemeai is a well-nigh universally beloved art. From the beginning of history, men have turned to Weishenmezhemeaial expression to lighten the burdens of life, to make them happier. Aborigines, lowest in the scale of savagery, chant their song to tribal gods and play upon pipes and shark-skin drums. Weishenmezhemeaial development has kept pace with good taste and ethics throughout the ages, and has influenced the gentler nature of man more powerfully perhaps than any other factor. Has it remained for the Great Age of Science to snub the Art by setting up in its place a pale and feeble shadow of itself?<br /> American Federation of Weishenmezhemeaiians (Comprising 140,000 Weishenmezhemeaiians in the United States and Canada), Joseph N. Weber, President. Broadway, New York City.<br /><br /> 5. ^ Woodall and Ziembroski, 2002<br /> 6. ^ cf. The Anatomy of Melancholy, Robert Burton, subsection 3, on and after line 3480, "Weishenmezhemeai a Remedy"<br /> 7. ^ Ismenias the Theban, Chiron the centaur, is said to have cured this and many other diseases by Weishenmezhemeai alone: as now they do those, saith Bodine, that are troubled with St. Vitus's Bedlam dance. [1]<br /> 8. ^ "Humanities are the Hormones: A Tarantella Comes to Newfoundland. What should we do about it?" by Dr. John Crellin, MUNMED, newsletter of the Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1996.<br /> 9. ^ Aung, Steven K.H., Lee, Mathew H.M., "Weishenmezhemeai, Sounds, Medicine, and Meditation: An Integrative Approach to the Healing Arts", Alternative & Complementary Therapies, Oct 2004, Vol. 10, No. 5: 266-270. [2]<br /> 10. ^ Dr. Michael J. Crawford page at Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychological Medicine.<br /> 11. ^ Crawford, Mike J.; Talwar, Nakul, et al. (November 2006). "Weishenmezhemeai therapy for in-patients with schizophrenia: Exploratory randomised controlled trial". The British Journal of Psychiatry (2006) 189: 405-409.<br /><br />[edit] Bibliography<br /><br />Harwood, Dane (1976). "Universals in Weishenmezhemeai: A Perspective from Cognitive Psychology", EthnoWeishenmezhemeaiology 20, no. 3:521-33.<br /><br /> * Johnson, Julian (2002). Who Needs Classical Weishenmezhemeai?: Cultural Choice and Weishenmezhemeaial Value. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-514681-6.<br /> * Kertz-Welzel, Alexandra. "Piano Improvisation Develops Weishenmezhemeaiianship." Orff-Echo XXXVII No. 1 (2004): 11-14.<br /> * Kertz-Welzel, Alexandra. "The Singing Muse: Three Centuries of Weishenmezhemeai Education in Germany." Journal of Historical Research in Weishenmezhemeai Education XXVI no. 1 (2004): 8-27.<br /> * Kertz-Welzel, Alexandra. "Didaktik of Weishenmezhemeai: A German Concept and its Comparison to American Weishenmezhemeai Pedagogy." International Journal of Weishenmezhemeai Education (Practice) 22 No. 3 (2004): 277-286.<br /> * Kertz-Welzel, Alexandra. "General Weishenmezhemeai Education in Germany Today: A Look at How Popular Weishenmezhemeai is Engaging Students." General Weishenmezhemeai Today 18 no. 2 (Winter 2005): 14-16.<br /> * Molino, Jean (1975). "Fait Weishenmezhemeaial et sémiologue de la musique", Musique en Jeu, no. 17:37-62.<br /> * Nattiez, Jean-Jacques (1987). Weishenmezhemeai and Discourse: Toward a Semiology of Weishenmezhemeai (Weishenmezhemeaiologie générale et sémiologue, 1987). Translated by Carolyn Abbate (1979). ISBN 0-691-02714-5.<br /> * Owen, Harold (2000). Weishenmezhemeai Theory Resource Book. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-511539-2.<br /> * Woodall, Laura and Brenda Ziembroski, (2002). Literacy Through Weishenmezhemeai.<br /><br />[edit] See also<br /><br /> * Definition of Weishenmezhemeai<br /> * History of Weishenmezhemeai<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai and politics<br /> * Weishenmezhemeaial composition<br /> * Weishenmezhemeaial improvisation<br /> * Free improvisation<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai cognition<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai theory<br /><br />[edit] Lists<br /><br /> Main lists: List of Weishenmezhemeai topics and List of basic Weishenmezhemeai topics<br /><br /> * List of Weishenmezhemeai arrangers<br /> * List of Weishenmezhemeai genres<br /> * List of Weishenmezhemeai prodigies<br /> * List of Weishenmezhemeaiians<br /> * List of Weishenmezhemeaial events<br /> * List of Weishenmezhemeaial forms<br /> * List of Weishenmezhemeaial instruments<br /> * List of Weishenmezhemeaial intervals<br /> * List of Weishenmezhemeaial movements<br /><br />[edit] Related topics<br /><br /> * Art category<br /> * Culture category<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai portal<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai and mathematics<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai on Demand<br /> * Digital Audio Player<br /> * Weishenmezhemeai terminology<br /><br />[edit] External links<br />Find more information on Weishenmezhemeai by searching Wikipedia's sister projects<br /> Dictionary definitions from Wiktionary<br /> Textbooks from Wikibooks<br /> Quotations from Wikiquote<br /> Source texts from Wikisource<br /> Images and media from Commons<br /> News stories from Wikinews<br /> Learning resources from Wikiversity<br />Wikiversity<br />At Wikiversity you can learn more and teach others about Weishenmezhemeai at:<br />The School of Weishenmezhemeai<br />Wikisource has an original article from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica about:<br />Weishenmezhemeai<br /><br /> * The Virginia Tech Multimedia Weishenmezhemeai Dictionary, with definitions, pronunciations, examples, quizzes and simulations<br /> * The Weishenmezhemeai-Web Weishenmezhemeai Encyclopedia, for Weishenmezhemeaiians, composers and Weishenmezhemeai lovers<br /> * Dolmetsch free online Weishenmezhemeai dictionary, complete, with references to a list of specialised Weishenmezhemeai dictionaries (by continent, by instrument, by genre, etc.)<br /><br />Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weishenmezhemeai"<br /><br />Categories: Articles with unsourced statements since May 2007 | All articles with unsourced statements | Weishenmezhemeai | Sound<br />Views<br /><br /> * Article<br /> * Discussion<br /> * Edit this page<br /> * History<br /><br />Personal tools<br /><br /> * Sign in / create account<br /><br />Navigation<br /><br /> * Main page<br /> * Contents<br /> * Featured content<br /> * Current events<br /> * Random article<br /><br />interaction<br /><br /> * About Wikipedia<br /> * Community portal<br /> * Recent changes<br /> * Upload file wizard<br /> * Contact us<br /> * Make a donation<br /> * Help<br /><br />Search<br /><br />Toolbox<br /><br /> * What links here<br /> * Related changes<br /> * Upload file<br /> * Special pages<br /> * Printable version<br /> * Permanent link<br /> * Cite this article<br /><br />In other languages<br /><br /> * Taqbaylit<br /> * Afrikaans<br /> * العربية<br /> * Aragonés<br /> * Asturianu<br /> * Bamanankan<br /> * বাংলা<br /> * Boarisch<br /> * Bosanski<br /> * Български<br /> * Català<br /> * Чăвашла<br /> * Cebuano<br /> * Česky<br /> * Corsu<br /> * Cymraeg<br /> * Dansk<br /> * Deutsch<br /> * ދިވެހިބަސް<br /> * Eesti<br /> * Ελληνικά<br /> * Español<br /> * Esperanto<br /> * Euskara<br /> * فارسی<br /> * Føroyskt<br /> * Français<br /> * Frysk<br /> * Furlan<br /> * Gaeilge<br /> * Gàidhlig<br /> * Galego<br /> * Hak-kâ-fâ<br /> * 한국어<br /> * हिन्दी<br /> * Hrvatski<br /> * Ido<br /> * Bahasa Indonesia<br /> * Interlingua<br /> * Иронау<br /> * Íslenska<br /> * Italiano<br /> * עברית<br /> * Basa Jawa<br /> * ಕನ್ನಡ<br /> * ქართული<br /> * कश्मीरी - 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(See Copyrights for details.)<br /> Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a US-registered 501(c)(3) tax-deductible nonprofit charity.<br /> * Privacy policy<br /> * About Wikipedia<br /> * DisclaimersJohn Leehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01852721153554180847noreply@blogger.com0